Download 46 Chapter Review: Fill-in-the

CHAPTER 2: BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR
46
Handout Master 2.10
Chapter Review: Fill-in-the-Blank Key Terms Exercise
1.
, produced naturally by the brain and the pituitary gland, reduce pain and
positively affect mood.
2. The most common cause of damage to adult brains, arising when blockage of an artery cuts off the
blood supply to a particular area of the brain or when a blood vessel bursts, is
_
3. The gray, convoluted covering of the cerebral hemispheres that is responsible for higher mental
processes such as language, memory, and thinking is called the
_
4. The sudden reversal of the resting potential, which initiates the firing ofa neuron, is called the
5. During the
process, neurotransmitter molecules are taken from the synaptic cleft
back into the axon terminal for later use, thus terminating their excitatory or inhibitory effect on the
receiving neuron.
6. The
is the junction where the axon of a sending neuron communicates with a
receiving neuron across the synaptic cleft.
7. A person's
includes his/her actual characteristics.
8.
is the specialization of one of the cerebral hemispheres to handle a particular
function.
9.
is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in learning, attention, and movement; a
deficiency of it is associated with Parkinson's disease, and anoversensitivity to it is associated with some
cases of schizophrenia.
10. The
control voluntary body mo;'ements, speech production, and such functions as
thinking, motivation, planning for the future, impulse control, and emotional responses.
11. The field of research that investigates the relative effects of heredity and environment on behavior and
ability is
_
12.
is a pattern of inheritance in which a trait is influenced by both genes
and environmental factors.
13. The
is the structure that is located above the brain stem and acts as a relay station for
information flowing into or out of the higher brain centers.
14. The strip of tissue at the front ofthe parietal lobes where touch, pressure, temperature, and pain
register in the cerebral cortex is called the
.
15. The
is the largest part ofthe brain, where cognitive functions as well as many of
the motor functions of the brain are carried out.
16. The nerves in the
connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body.
17. The primary visual cortex, where vision registers, and association areas involved in the interpretation
of visual information are located in the -:-".--.,.--,-.
18.
is the ability of the brain to reorganize and compensate for brain damage.
19. The branchlike extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons are called the
20. The
is a set of inheritance rules in which the presence of a single
dominant gene causes a trait to be expressed but two genes must be present for the expression of a recessive
trait.
21. The
is a brain- imaging technique that reveals activity in various parts of the brain,
based on the amount of oxygen and glucose consumed.
22. The
is a group of structures in the brain, including the amygdala and hippocampus, that
are collectively involved in emotion, memory, and motivation.
23. The right and left halves of the cerebrum, covered by the cerebral cortex and connected by the corpus
callosum, are called the
.
24. The
are the sex glands; the ovaries in females and the testes in males.
25. The white, fatty coating wrapped around some axons that acts as insulation and enables impulses to
travel much faster is the
.
26.
is a neurotransmitter that plays an important role in regulating mood, sleep,
aggression, and appetite; a serotonin deficiency is associated with anxiety, depression, and suicide.
27. A brain-imaging technique that reveals both brain structure and brain activity is the
_
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.