* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Microsoft Word 97
Signal transduction wikipedia , lookup
Embodied cognitive science wikipedia , lookup
Haemodynamic response wikipedia , lookup
Nonsynaptic plasticity wikipedia , lookup
Feature detection (nervous system) wikipedia , lookup
Activity-dependent plasticity wikipedia , lookup
Neuromuscular junction wikipedia , lookup
Selfish brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Cognitive neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Brain Rules wikipedia , lookup
End-plate potential wikipedia , lookup
Proprioception wikipedia , lookup
History of neuroimaging wikipedia , lookup
Aging brain wikipedia , lookup
Neuroplasticity wikipedia , lookup
Development of the nervous system wikipedia , lookup
Neural engineering wikipedia , lookup
Biological neuron model wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychology wikipedia , lookup
Single-unit recording wikipedia , lookup
Endocannabinoid system wikipedia , lookup
Holonomic brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Chemical synapse wikipedia , lookup
Synaptogenesis wikipedia , lookup
Synaptic gating wikipedia , lookup
Metastability in the brain wikipedia , lookup
Circumventricular organs wikipedia , lookup
Neurotransmitter wikipedia , lookup
Clinical neurochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Microneurography wikipedia , lookup
Nervous system network models wikipedia , lookup
Neuroregeneration wikipedia , lookup
Molecular neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Neuroanatomy wikipedia , lookup
Biology 30 Module 2 Assignment 8 Copyright: Ministry of Education, Saskatchewan May be reproduced for educational purposes Biology 30 249 Assignment 8 Biology 30 250 Assignment 8 Biology 30 251 Assignment 8 Biology 30 252 Assignment 8 Assignment 8 Values (40) A. Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each of the following and place a () beside it. 1. 2. ATP, as a ready supply of energy in a nerve cell, is needed to ***. ____ a. ____ b. ____ c. ____ d. Probably the main benefit of a reflex action is that it ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ 3. a. b. c. d. prevents a sensation of pain is a fairly rapid protective movement of some sort has been well thought out beforehand is based on previously successful or satisfactory actions A wild, amusement park or circus ride, combining circular with up and down motion, has a tendency to produce momentary motion sickness in participants. This is mainly a result of stimulation of receptors in the ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ Biology 30 rebuild the membrane every time it undergoes a partial disintegration as an impulse passes push electrons along the outer surface of the membrane destroy the transmitting chemical in a synapse between impulses pump sodium ions back outside the membrane after an impulse passes a. b. c. d. eyes cochleas muscles semicircular canals 253 Assignment 8 4. "Nerve nets" are usually part of ***. ____ a. ____ b. ____ c. ____ d. organisms which must make rapid movements from one location to another organisms lacking centralized nerve areas or brains and also lacking central nerve cords body systems where cephalization has become a major feature body systems where selective movements of specific body parts have to be made 5. The apparent condition where light focuses "behind" a retina, or forms a blurred image because it meets the retina before focusing properly, is known as ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ 6. Biology 30 a. b. c. d. farsightedness (hyperopia) nearsightedness (myopia) astigmatism retinitis Nerve "fatigue" results most frequently when ***. ____ ____ a. b. ____ c. ____ d. the supply of ATP in a nerve cell is used up the body is lacking a proper nutrient diet to establish the right balance of ions along membranes axon terminals cannot keep up in the production of stimulatory transmitter chemicals or neurotransmitters a brain begins to "ignore" stimulations which occur over and over again 254 Assignment 8 7. Most of the cell bodies of sensory neurons in a vertebrate are located ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ 8. 9. ____ ____ ____ a. b. c. ____ d. Biology 30 the organism's death a halt in all movements uncoordinated movements of different body parts to various kinds of stimuli continuous, wild and uncontrolled jumping or thrashing about without stimulation The neurotransmitter is formed and released at the synapse by ***. a. b. c. d. the dentrite the axon the cell body myselin sheath The part of the human brain responsible for such things as memory, analyzing, interpreting and decision-making is the ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ 11. in the brain in the spinal cord in ganglia just outside the spinal cord just beneath the skin surface Removing the mass of ganglia functioning as a "brain" in a simple multicellular organism such as an earthworm or in an arthropod such as a grasshopper would have, as the most immediate effect, ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ 10. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. thalamus medulla oblongata cerebrum cerebellum The main purpose of the undifferentiated glial or Schwann cells associated with neurons is to ***. ____ ____ a. b. ____ ____ c. d. assist in the movements of electrons along an axon form a sheath of fatty tissue around a portion of an axon or dendrite produce a stimulatory transmitter or neurotransmitter supply ions which take part in an impulse 255 Assignment 8 12. The part of the vertebrate nervous system which regulates internal organs and glands is the ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ 13. a. b. c. d. positive phototropism negative phototropism positive phototaxis negative phototaxis a. b. c. d. rod cone retina optic nerve tract A row of receptors found in a fish, which is sensitive to small pressure changes, is a(n) ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ Biology 30 acetylcholine dopamine norepinephrine all of the above An eye receptor which is sensitive to low light intensity but not to color is a(n) ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ 16. a. b. c. d. A unicellular "animal" organism, Euglena, is attracted and moves toward a light source. This action illustrates ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ 15. central peripheral autonomic voluntary Parkinson’s disease is associated with inadequate production of the neurotransmitter ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ 14. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. lateral line organ operculum air bladder gill raker 256 Assignment 8 17. Sensations of hunger and thirst are started by impulses in receptors which are located in the ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ 18. smell feel in the mouth look or appear arouse feelings of hunger a. b. c. d. sense odors grind and crush the prey which they ingest locate some organisms by their body heat store poison or venom The part carrying an impulse toward the cell body of a neuron in the following diagram is ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ Biology 30 a. b. c. d. Some snakes use their Jacobson's organs to ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ 20. stomach mouth and throat hypothalamus of the brain salivary glands In humans, taste sensations of particular foods are most often related to how these foods ***. ____ ____ ____ ____ 19. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. A B C D 257 Assignment 8 (5) B. Analyzing Impulse Movements Using the key below, for each statement 1-5, choose the most suitable condition to match each statement. Place the letter of that condition in the space provided in front of each statement. Letters A, B and C represent areas where blockages of impulses due to severing or a local anesthetic may occur. KEY: Biology 30 A. B. C. D. Block Block Block There is is is is at along the spinal cord before the brain. along the sensory neuron. along the motor neuron. no block. ____ 1. An individual can feel something touching the hand but cannot move the hand away. ____ 2. An outside tap on a certain area of the hand causes a twitch or jerk to occur without the person ever being aware of it. ____ 3. Running a feather along the skin creates a tickling sensation for the individual, so the hand is moved away. ____ 4. The person can move the hand, but there is no feeling of movement. ____ 5. Placing a stick in the palm of the hand causes the fingers to quickly close around it, with the individual only becoming aware of the action after it is done. 258 Assignment 8 (10) C. The Human Brain Beside each number write the name of the brain part to which that number refers on the illustration and indicate its main function. Brain Part Main Function 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Biology 30 259 Assignment 8 D. (10) Short Answer 1. True/False: : Circle the T beside each statement that is true. Circle the F beside each statement that is false. Correct the false statements by crossing out the bolded word(s) and writing the correct word above or below it. Biology 30 T F a. Sensory neurons transmit messages from skin receptors to the brain and spinal cord. T F b. The brain and spinal cord constitute the peripheral nervous system. T F c. The three main parts of a neuron are a dendrite, an axon, and a nerve impulse. T F d. The gap between two neurons is called a synapse. T F e. An involuntary action of the nervous system is called a reflex. T F f. Motor neurons carry information away from muscles and glands. T F g. Wrapped around the axon of a neuron, the myelin sheath acts as an insulator. T F h. The corpus callosum connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain. T F i. A chemical released at the synapse is called a neurotransmitter. T F j. The spinal cord is protected by bones called modules. 260 Assignment 8 (15) 2. a. Distinguish between a neuron and a nerve. b. Identify the three general types of neurons and indicate the function of each. Type of neuron Function of neuron 1. 2. 3. Biology 30 261 Assignment 8 c. State two possible values of myelin to nerve cells. d. Describe the nervous system of Planaria and compare it to the earthworm and to humans. Planaria Earthworm Human Biology 30 262 Assignment 8 (10) 3. a. List four general roles of receptors and sensations to organisms. 1) 2) 3) 4) Biology 30 b. Distinguish between a receptor and a sense organ. Give one example of each. c. What is nerve fatigue (or nerve adaptation)? Give an example of nerve fatigue. 263 Assignment 8 (10) Biology 30 4. d. Pain receptors and the receptors which cause sensations of pressures and stresses among the muscles and other connective tissues within bodies tend to escape nerve fatigue. Why is it important to organisms that they continue to receive impulses from these two types of receptors? a. If the strength of a neural impulse is the same whenever a stimulation occurs, why are some sensations of smell, taste, sound, etc., stronger than others? (Give two reasons.) b. Why does an impulse eventually travel one way if it is transmitted along a number of neurons? 264 Assignment 8 c. State four ways in which the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system may prepare a body for action. 1. ________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________ 4. ________________________________________ d. List two advantages arising from the increased size of the cerebrum and cerebellum from reptiles to mammals (humans). e. A person who may be involved in an accident, or who may experience a stroke, could have a portion of the brain destroyed. Certain skills could be lost. In some instances, some skills could be redeveloped. Give a brief explanation of the manner in which some skills could be redeveloped. _____ (100) Biology 30 265 Assignment 8