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Parts of the brain Protection • • • • Not really part but… The brain is well protected Bony skull 3 protective sheets of tissue • Space in the brain is filled with fluid: – Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) – Acts as a shock absorber A brain of two halves • Left hemisphere and right hemisphere • They are joined by the corpus callosum • Made up of axons of neurons that communicate information between hemispheres Wrinkles • Cerebral cortex forms the outer layer of the forebrain • It appears wrinkled as it is folded • Folding allows more outer cortex to be fitted into a smaller space • A groove is called a sulcus • Between grooves is a gyrus Major parts • Mid brain: Nerve pathway of cerebral hemispheres/Auditory and Visual reflex centers • Pons: Respiratory Center • Medulla Oblongata: Crossing of motor tracts/Cardiac Center/Respiratory Center Brain stem Major parts • Cerebellum – • Plays a role in commands for motor action • Organization of action including language production • Integrates information from external and internal sources Toates p119 Major parts • Occipital lobe: visual perception system • E.g., visuospatial processing, discrimination of movement and colour discrimination • Lesions can cause visual hallucinations Major parts • Parietal lobe – • Several portions are important in language processing • Also, somatosensation: touch, pain, temperature sense, and limb proprioception (limb position) Major parts • Frontal lobe – • emotional control centre and home to our personality • Motor function, problem solving, spontaneity, memory, language, initiation, judgement, impulse control, and social and sexual behaviour • Effects of frontal damage can be a dramatic change in social behaviour