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Download SUMMARY OF THE MAJOR BRAIN STRUCTURES
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SUMMARY OF THE MAJOR BRAIN STRUCTURES Structure Hindbrain • Medulla • Pons • Cerebellum • Reticular formation Midbrain • Substantia nigra Forebrain • Cerebral cortex Temporal lobe Occipital lobe Parietal lobe Frontal lobe • Corpus callosum Limbic System • Hippocampus • Hypothalamus • Thalamus Function (The brainstem is made up of the hindbrain and the midbrain) Incoming sensory messages cross over to the opposite side of the brain; outgoing motor messages cross over to the opposite side of the body. Controls vital autonomic functions, such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion. Relays information from higher brain regions to the cerebellum. Involved in the control of balance, muscle tone, coordinated muscle movements, and the learning of motor skills. Network of neurons at the core of the medulla and pons that helps regulate attention and sleep. Plays a role in processing auditory and visual information before sending it to higher brain centers. Involved in motor control and dopamine production. Contains centers involved in complex behaviors and mental processes. Each hemisphere has four lobes: Processes auditory information. Processes visual information. Processes bodily sensations. Processes voluntary muscle movements and involved in thinking and planning. Communication link between the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Involved in learning and forming new memories. Regulates the autonomic nervous system, behaviors related to survival, and the pituitary gland. Processes and distributes motor and sensory information going to and from the cerebral cortex. Involved in regulating awareness, attention, motivation, and emotional aspects of sensations. • Amygdala Involved in emotional responses (especially fear and rage), learning, and memory formation.