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Perspectives and Methods Biological Basis of Human Behavior Sensation and Perception Learning Memory Cognition Perspectives and Methods Biological Basis of Behavior Sensation and Perception Learning $200 $200 $200 $200 $400 $400 $400 $400 $600 $600 $600 Memory Cognition $200 $200 $400 $400 $600 $600 $600 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 What is a case study? Research technique in which one person is studied in depth What is correlation? AND What is the most important thing to remember about correlation? Extent to which 2 things are related Correlation does NOT equal causation! What is natural selection? Traits that contribute to survival will be passed on to succeeding generations Perspective that focused on the function of conscious experience Functionalism What is an independent variable? Dependent? Independent: thing that is manipulated to see if there is a change in the depend. variable Dependent: thing that is influenced by the independent variable A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of the neuron Action Potential What is your frontal lobe responsible for? Planning and judgment Motor cortex The “recharging phase” when a neuron, after firing, cannot generate another action potential Refractory Period Part of the brain responsible for emotions like fear and anger Amygdala Hormone that is responsible for releasing strength and increasing endurance during stressful situations Epinephrine The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information Perception Part of the eye that works with the iris to control the amount of light that enters the eye Pupil Trace the path of sound as it goes through your ear Ear canal, tympanic membrane, ossicles, oval window, cochlea, auditory nerve Kinesthetic v. Vestibular senses Kinesthetic: general orientation of limbs Vestibular: orientation in space (upside down, spinning, etc) Monocular depth cue that determines depth by noting that parallel lines appear to converge in the distance Linear Perspective Process in which an organism produces the same response to two similar stimuli Generalization Who is responsible for the BoBo doll experiments? Albert Bandura What is negative reinforcement? Anything that increases the likelihood of a behavior by removing an undesirable event or state ID the US;UR;CS;CR for Pavlov’s experiment US: Meat Powder CS: Tuning Fork UR: Drooling CR: Drooling Interval schedules deal with… Ratio schedules deal with… Interval: time that has passed by Ratio: number of times something is done Method of retrevial used by essay, fill-inthe blank, and short answer questions Recall Retrieval method used by multiple choice tests Recognition Part of your memory you are aware of – often called “working memory” Short-term memory What is implicit memory? What part of the brain processes these memories? Memories of tasks and skills Cerebellum What is the misinformation effect? Who did research on this? Incorporating misleading info into one’s memory Elizabeth Loftus Typical best example of a concept Prototype What is the difference between a phoneme and a morpheme? Phoneme: smallest unit of sound Morpheme: smallest unit of sound with meaning What is intelligence? Ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to a new situation What is the difference between achievement and aptitude tests? Achievement: Tests that attempt to measure what the test-taker has accomplished Aptitude: Tests that attempt to predict the test-taker’s future performance What is validity? Extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is suppose to