How Do We Know That We Know? The Accessibility Model
... information pertaining to the presence of the solicited item in memory and that this information appears in a ready-made format. At first sight, this solution to the question of how one knows that one knows appears to raise the homunculus problem of how the monitor itself can know. However, the idea ...
... information pertaining to the presence of the solicited item in memory and that this information appears in a ready-made format. At first sight, this solution to the question of how one knows that one knows appears to raise the homunculus problem of how the monitor itself can know. However, the idea ...
The relationship between executive function and attention in children
... of consciousness, memory, identity, and perception (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Dissociation often emerges during early childhood (Putnam, 1997) and is more common among individuals with a history of trauma or childhood abuse (Putnam, 1997; Silberg, 1998; Macfie, Cicchetti & Toth, 2001) ...
... of consciousness, memory, identity, and perception (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Dissociation often emerges during early childhood (Putnam, 1997) and is more common among individuals with a history of trauma or childhood abuse (Putnam, 1997; Silberg, 1998; Macfie, Cicchetti & Toth, 2001) ...
do simultaneously presented visual and auditory
... comprehend the information and store memories effectively when auditory and visual information are presented simultaneously while watching TV, the consequences may not be serious. However, if we are exposed to multiple stimuli (information) in different modalities while attending important meetings, ...
... comprehend the information and store memories effectively when auditory and visual information are presented simultaneously while watching TV, the consequences may not be serious. However, if we are exposed to multiple stimuli (information) in different modalities while attending important meetings, ...
IMAGERY PERSPECTIVE AND MEMORY RECALL 1 Accepted for
... directly contrasted to observer perspective imagery, which would fit the idea that field perspective imagery is related to a greater sense of ‘reliving’ and subjective emotionality (see also Eich et al., 2009). Additionally we hypothesized that the posterior cingulate cortex/ precuneus would show gr ...
... directly contrasted to observer perspective imagery, which would fit the idea that field perspective imagery is related to a greater sense of ‘reliving’ and subjective emotionality (see also Eich et al., 2009). Additionally we hypothesized that the posterior cingulate cortex/ precuneus would show gr ...
fulltext
... UCS), becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) that in itself produces the physiological reaction. The process of conditioning was first reported by Ivan Pavlov in 1907 and is sometimes simply called Pavlovian conditioning (Pavlov, 1927). When the UCS involved elicits a physiological fear reaction, the p ...
... UCS), becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) that in itself produces the physiological reaction. The process of conditioning was first reported by Ivan Pavlov in 1907 and is sometimes simply called Pavlovian conditioning (Pavlov, 1927). When the UCS involved elicits a physiological fear reaction, the p ...
Episodic memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal–anterior thalamic
... back to Delay and Brion (1969), differs from other recent models in placing critical importance on the efferents from the hippocampus via the fornix to the diencephalon. These are necessary for the encoding and, hence, the effective subsequent recall of episodic memory. An additional feature of this ...
... back to Delay and Brion (1969), differs from other recent models in placing critical importance on the efferents from the hippocampus via the fornix to the diencephalon. These are necessary for the encoding and, hence, the effective subsequent recall of episodic memory. An additional feature of this ...
VISUAL AND VERBAL SHORT-TERM MEMORY CORRELATES OF VARIABILITY IN VOCABULARY SIZE
... (2008), such children are frequently referred to as late talkers and they are at higher risk of experiencing specific language impairment (SLI) than typically developing children. SLI is usually associated with delayed vocabulary acquisition and deficits in verbal short-term ...
... (2008), such children are frequently referred to as late talkers and they are at higher risk of experiencing specific language impairment (SLI) than typically developing children. SLI is usually associated with delayed vocabulary acquisition and deficits in verbal short-term ...
Laminar Cortical Dynamics of Cognitive and Motor Working Memory
... LIST PARSE develops the proposal that all working memories are designed from similar circuits, whether to control free recall or serial recall in humans, or sequential read-out of planned movements in monkeys. The intellectual basis for this claim is the derivation by Grossberg (1978a) of all workin ...
... LIST PARSE develops the proposal that all working memories are designed from similar circuits, whether to control free recall or serial recall in humans, or sequential read-out of planned movements in monkeys. The intellectual basis for this claim is the derivation by Grossberg (1978a) of all workin ...
Auditory working memory: contributions of lateral prefrontal cortex
... the visual domain. A rich and diverse amount of research has investigated the lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) as a primary area for visual working memory, while another line of research has found the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) to be involved. This dissertation used auditory cues and found ...
... the visual domain. A rich and diverse amount of research has investigated the lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) as a primary area for visual working memory, while another line of research has found the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) to be involved. This dissertation used auditory cues and found ...
Author`s personal copy - Sleep, Stress, and Memory Lab
... develops quickly, performance on various procedural tasks improves further and without additional practice simply through the passage of time, particularly if these periods contain sleep. These slow off-line improvements occur as newly acquired information, initially fragile, is integrated and stabi ...
... develops quickly, performance on various procedural tasks improves further and without additional practice simply through the passage of time, particularly if these periods contain sleep. These slow off-line improvements occur as newly acquired information, initially fragile, is integrated and stabi ...
The impact of iconic gestures on foreign language word learning
... only reported for action words and phrases (e.g., roll the ball) or for concrete nouns but also for function and abstract words. Being nondepictable, the latter must be paired with an arbitrary symbolic cospeech gesture [Macedonia, 2003]. Thus, accompanying a word with an iconic or symbolic gesture ...
... only reported for action words and phrases (e.g., roll the ball) or for concrete nouns but also for function and abstract words. Being nondepictable, the latter must be paired with an arbitrary symbolic cospeech gesture [Macedonia, 2003]. Thus, accompanying a word with an iconic or symbolic gesture ...
Memory
... – Strategies—the use of mental activities to improve the processing of information—improve in these areas: • Organization: More likely to be used by older children and adults. • Elaboration: Adolescents are more likely to use elaboration spontaneously than children. • Imagery: Encouraging children t ...
... – Strategies—the use of mental activities to improve the processing of information—improve in these areas: • Organization: More likely to be used by older children and adults. • Elaboration: Adolescents are more likely to use elaboration spontaneously than children. • Imagery: Encouraging children t ...
The Perirhinal, Entorhinal, and Parahippocampal Cortices and
... (1997) studied four patients with selective hippocampal damage acquired at an early age, who were nonetheless able to acquire normal levels of language comprehension and perform relatively well in school, that is, acquire semantic-like knowledge. Thus, although these individuals were significantly i ...
... (1997) studied four patients with selective hippocampal damage acquired at an early age, who were nonetheless able to acquire normal levels of language comprehension and perform relatively well in school, that is, acquire semantic-like knowledge. Thus, although these individuals were significantly i ...
Blockade of Central Cholinergic Receptors Impairs New Learning and
... span (Beatty et al., 1986; Drachman, 1978) are also spared. Recently, studies have shown that scopolamine may impact recognition memory processes by affecting both recollection and familiarity (Mintzer & Griffiths, 2001, 2003; Sherman, Atri, Hasselmo, Stern, & Howard, 2003). These studies suggest th ...
... span (Beatty et al., 1986; Drachman, 1978) are also spared. Recently, studies have shown that scopolamine may impact recognition memory processes by affecting both recollection and familiarity (Mintzer & Griffiths, 2001, 2003; Sherman, Atri, Hasselmo, Stern, & Howard, 2003). These studies suggest th ...
Blockade of Central Cholinergic Receptors Impairs New Learning
... span (Beatty et al., 1986; Drachman, 1978) are also spared. Recently, studies have shown that scopolamine may impact recognition memory processes by affecting both recollection and familiarity (Mintzer & Griffiths, 2001, 2003; Sherman, Atri, Hasselmo, Stern, & Howard, 2003). These studies suggest th ...
... span (Beatty et al., 1986; Drachman, 1978) are also spared. Recently, studies have shown that scopolamine may impact recognition memory processes by affecting both recollection and familiarity (Mintzer & Griffiths, 2001, 2003; Sherman, Atri, Hasselmo, Stern, & Howard, 2003). These studies suggest th ...
Isolated Retrograde Amnesia
... impairments in anterograde memory and other cognitive domains. The patient’s low verbal IQ was attributed to reduced performance in the information subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS; Wechsler, 1981) and was explained by a general semantic knowledge deficit. Her remote memory was ...
... impairments in anterograde memory and other cognitive domains. The patient’s low verbal IQ was attributed to reduced performance in the information subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS; Wechsler, 1981) and was explained by a general semantic knowledge deficit. Her remote memory was ...
Neuronal mechanisms of executive control by the prefrontal cortex
... memory model. Since it would be difficult for a defective central executive to oversee the simultaneous and coordinated operation of two slave systems (the visuospatial sketchpad and the phonological loop) in their model, they proposed that the executive control can be analyzed using a dual-task par ...
... memory model. Since it would be difficult for a defective central executive to oversee the simultaneous and coordinated operation of two slave systems (the visuospatial sketchpad and the phonological loop) in their model, they proposed that the executive control can be analyzed using a dual-task par ...
Creating associative memory distortions
... and to test the characteristics of memory illusions evoked by this procedure for both recall and recognition. A normative study was conducted to prepare Polish stimuli material sharing similar characteristics as the lists in the English language version. Subsequently, the lists were applied to exami ...
... and to test the characteristics of memory illusions evoked by this procedure for both recall and recognition. A normative study was conducted to prepare Polish stimuli material sharing similar characteristics as the lists in the English language version. Subsequently, the lists were applied to exami ...
Updating verbal and visuospatial working memory: Are the
... that executive control was required at the period of encoding but not during maintenance rehearsal. Therefore, the secondary task that placed a load on the central executive only produced performance decrements during encoding. It is important to note that WM sub-systems play different roles in the ...
... that executive control was required at the period of encoding but not during maintenance rehearsal. Therefore, the secondary task that placed a load on the central executive only produced performance decrements during encoding. It is important to note that WM sub-systems play different roles in the ...
Neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying human
... Our memory abilities go beyond allowing us to change our behavior based on past experience. They also allow us to re-experience events from our past in remarkable detail. This capacity for “mental time travel” is referred to as episodic memory (Tulving, 1983). Decades of research in psychology and n ...
... Our memory abilities go beyond allowing us to change our behavior based on past experience. They also allow us to re-experience events from our past in remarkable detail. This capacity for “mental time travel” is referred to as episodic memory (Tulving, 1983). Decades of research in psychology and n ...
Acetylcholine Facilitates Recovery of Episodic Memory after Brain
... acetylcholine depletion with the fornix transection. It may reflect a “double hit” to cholinergic afferents innervating the temporal lobe, because fornix transection deprives additional regions such as entorhinal cortex of cholinergic afferents (Saunders and Aggleton, 2007). Alternatively, the loss ...
... acetylcholine depletion with the fornix transection. It may reflect a “double hit” to cholinergic afferents innervating the temporal lobe, because fornix transection deprives additional regions such as entorhinal cortex of cholinergic afferents (Saunders and Aggleton, 2007). Alternatively, the loss ...
Retrieval induces adaptive forgetting of competing memories via
... Remembering a past experience can, surprisingly, cause forgetting. Forgetting arises when other competing traces interfere with retrieval and inhibitory control mechanisms are engaged to suppress the distraction they cause. This form of forgetting is considered to be adaptive because it reduces futu ...
... Remembering a past experience can, surprisingly, cause forgetting. Forgetting arises when other competing traces interfere with retrieval and inhibitory control mechanisms are engaged to suppress the distraction they cause. This form of forgetting is considered to be adaptive because it reduces futu ...
Role of Prefrontal and Parietal Cortices in Associative - ACT-R
... through a repeating cycle of study and test with enough time between trials to let the hemodynamic response from one trial return to baseline before the next trial. Figure 1 shows the procedures for the Paired and the Generated trials. Both conditions involved fourteen 2-s scans. Both conditions con ...
... through a repeating cycle of study and test with enough time between trials to let the hemodynamic response from one trial return to baseline before the next trial. Figure 1 shows the procedures for the Paired and the Generated trials. Both conditions involved fourteen 2-s scans. Both conditions con ...
Multi-item Memory in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex
... of stimuli that it must sense, remember, and use. In the majority of situations outside of the laboratory environment, an organism must remember not only the most recent stimulus, but must also integrate this stimulus with other items already present in memory. Remembering and integrating several re ...
... of stimuli that it must sense, remember, and use. In the majority of situations outside of the laboratory environment, an organism must remember not only the most recent stimulus, but must also integrate this stimulus with other items already present in memory. Remembering and integrating several re ...
Childhood memory
Childhood memory refers to memories formed in childhood. Among its other roles, memory functions to guide present behaviour and to predict future outcomes. Memory in childhood is qualitatively and quantitatively different from the memories formed and retrieved in late adolescence and the adult years. Childhood memory research is relatively recent in relation to the study of other types of cognitive processes underpinning behaviour. Understanding the mechanisms by which memories in childhood are encoded and later retrieved has important implications in many areas. Research into childhood memory includes topics such as childhood memory formation and retrieval mechanisms in relation to those in adults, controversies surrounding infantile amnesia and the fact that adults have relatively poor memories of early childhood, the ways in which school environment and family environment influence memory, and the ways in which memory can be improved in childhood to improve overall cognition, performance in school, and well-being, both in childhood and in adulthood.