... IEGs is the proto-oncogene c-fos. c-Fos protein possibly acts via a third intracellular messenger regulating the transcription of genes of late expression. This protein forms part of a dimeric DNA-binding protein (activator protein 1 or AP1) which binds to specific sites of the multiple gene promote ...
Towards understanding of the cortical network underlying
... brain areas in a brain-wide network interact with each other to orchestrate cognitive functions (‘global network’ viewpoint) and the other considers how the properties of single neurons and their synaptic connections with neighbouring neurons combine to form local circuits and exhibit the function a ...
... brain areas in a brain-wide network interact with each other to orchestrate cognitive functions (‘global network’ viewpoint) and the other considers how the properties of single neurons and their synaptic connections with neighbouring neurons combine to form local circuits and exhibit the function a ...
3.05 Neural Substrates of Remembering – Electroencephalographic
... in memory paradigms when a large number of components overlap with each other in the same time range. Indeed, when subjects engage a wide variety of cognitive transactions over an extended time interval, as is likely the case in many of the interesting paradigms cognitive neuroscientists choose to s ...
... in memory paradigms when a large number of components overlap with each other in the same time range. Indeed, when subjects engage a wide variety of cognitive transactions over an extended time interval, as is likely the case in many of the interesting paradigms cognitive neuroscientists choose to s ...
Distinct neuroanatomical bases of episodic and semantic memory
... Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neurofibrillary pathology begins in the medial perirhinal cortex (mPRC) before spreading to the entorhinal cortex (ERC) and hippocampus (HP) in anterior medial temporal lobe (aMTL). While the role of the ERC/HP complex in episodic memory formation is well-established, recent ...
... Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neurofibrillary pathology begins in the medial perirhinal cortex (mPRC) before spreading to the entorhinal cortex (ERC) and hippocampus (HP) in anterior medial temporal lobe (aMTL). While the role of the ERC/HP complex in episodic memory formation is well-established, recent ...
The role of attention in binding visual features in working memory
... interference and overwriting by newly processed and stored items result in fragile bindings (Allen, Baddeley, & Hitch, 2006; see also Alvarez & Thompson, 2009; Logie, Brockmole, & Vandenbroucke, 2009). In contrast, other studies have supported the conclusion that feature conjunctions can be maintain ...
... interference and overwriting by newly processed and stored items result in fragile bindings (Allen, Baddeley, & Hitch, 2006; see also Alvarez & Thompson, 2009; Logie, Brockmole, & Vandenbroucke, 2009). In contrast, other studies have supported the conclusion that feature conjunctions can be maintain ...
Memory consolidation in humans: new evidence and opportunities
... fMRI data in terms of the activity patterns across multiple voxels is known as multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA; Haynes & Rees, 2006; Norman et al. 2006). In an MVPA analysis, an fMRI data set is split into two; one part is set aside, and the other is used to train a computer algorithm, or classif ...
... fMRI data in terms of the activity patterns across multiple voxels is known as multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA; Haynes & Rees, 2006; Norman et al. 2006). In an MVPA analysis, an fMRI data set is split into two; one part is set aside, and the other is used to train a computer algorithm, or classif ...
Complementary Learning Systems
... older memories should be relatively spared with hippocampal damage, because they will have had time to be consolidated through interleaved replay into the distributed neocortical system. Strikingly, retrograde memory gradients from a variety of species appeared to support this prediction, with the f ...
... older memories should be relatively spared with hippocampal damage, because they will have had time to be consolidated through interleaved replay into the distributed neocortical system. Strikingly, retrograde memory gradients from a variety of species appeared to support this prediction, with the f ...
2-2
... • Explain Figure 7. What is the experimental paradigm? What is the objective of the experiment? What is the conclusion of the experimental results? How sound and color are cross-temporally integrated in frontal cortex? ...
... • Explain Figure 7. What is the experimental paradigm? What is the objective of the experiment? What is the conclusion of the experimental results? How sound and color are cross-temporally integrated in frontal cortex? ...
Brain rhythms in mental time travel
... Sederberg et al., 2008). These models provide a detailed description of the dynamics of this contextual representation, and have been used to provide a functional interpretation of the oscillatory signals recorded during study and memory search. Cognitive theory of mental time travel The notion of c ...
... Sederberg et al., 2008). These models provide a detailed description of the dynamics of this contextual representation, and have been used to provide a functional interpretation of the oscillatory signals recorded during study and memory search. Cognitive theory of mental time travel The notion of c ...
Memory - WordPress.com
... many skills and much knowledge in those years but for the most part do not remember the experiences through which we acquired them. It is possible that the details of the experiences are still there but cannot be retrieved, because one memory system is used by infants and another one develops for ad ...
... many skills and much knowledge in those years but for the most part do not remember the experiences through which we acquired them. It is possible that the details of the experiences are still there but cannot be retrieved, because one memory system is used by infants and another one develops for ad ...
Superior digit memory of abacus experts
... utilized in the digit span memory task, because it may be more efficient to mentally manipulate large numbers using a spatial representation than a sequentially organized phonological representation. It may be that these processes involve the bilateral frontal–parietal areas, which have important ro ...
... utilized in the digit span memory task, because it may be more efficient to mentally manipulate large numbers using a spatial representation than a sequentially organized phonological representation. It may be that these processes involve the bilateral frontal–parietal areas, which have important ro ...
Heightened Interference on Implicit, but Not Explicit, Tests of
... 1978; Winocur & Moscovitch 1983). In this paradigm, subjects are presented with a list of semantically related pairs of words (e.g. soldier–battle) for acquisition during the initial A-B phase of the experiment. After a 20- to 30-min filled interval, they are taught a second A-C list in which a new, ...
... 1978; Winocur & Moscovitch 1983). In this paradigm, subjects are presented with a list of semantically related pairs of words (e.g. soldier–battle) for acquisition during the initial A-B phase of the experiment. After a 20- to 30-min filled interval, they are taught a second A-C list in which a new, ...
Neural Global Pattern Similarity Underlies True and False Memories
... similarity [ER-nGPS]). In partial support of this hypothesis, emerging studies found that the similarity between the neural activation pattern of a studied item during encoding to that of all other studied items (i.e., nGPS), was predictive of subsequent memory (LaRocque et al., 2013; Davis et al., ...
... similarity [ER-nGPS]). In partial support of this hypothesis, emerging studies found that the similarity between the neural activation pattern of a studied item during encoding to that of all other studied items (i.e., nGPS), was predictive of subsequent memory (LaRocque et al., 2013; Davis et al., ...
Cognitive Psychology
... assist recall, guide our behaviour, predict likely happenings and help make sense of current experiences helps us understand how we organize our knowledge. In conclusion, strengths of schema theory: Provides an explanation for how knowledge is stored in the mind something that is unobservable an ...
... assist recall, guide our behaviour, predict likely happenings and help make sense of current experiences helps us understand how we organize our knowledge. In conclusion, strengths of schema theory: Provides an explanation for how knowledge is stored in the mind something that is unobservable an ...
Transient Storage of a Tactile Memory Trace in Primary
... Figure 1. Summary of the procedure for experiments using TMS. Subjects felt two 1000-msec-long vibrations, separated by a 1500 msec retention interval during which they received a single pulse of TMS. TMS was delivered either 300, 600, 900, or 1200 msec after the end of the first vibration (1200, 90 ...
... Figure 1. Summary of the procedure for experiments using TMS. Subjects felt two 1000-msec-long vibrations, separated by a 1500 msec retention interval during which they received a single pulse of TMS. TMS was delivered either 300, 600, 900, or 1200 msec after the end of the first vibration (1200, 90 ...
The Effect of Stimulating and Soothing Smells on Heart Rate and
... hypothalamus also provides information about ion balance and temperature of the blood and receives input from olfactory nerves along with numerous other functions (Boeree 2009; Barker et al. 2003, 98-9). In the process of sustaining hormones within the body, the hypothalamus controls the endocrine s ...
... hypothalamus also provides information about ion balance and temperature of the blood and receives input from olfactory nerves along with numerous other functions (Boeree 2009; Barker et al. 2003, 98-9). In the process of sustaining hormones within the body, the hypothalamus controls the endocrine s ...
1 Behavioral Dynamics of Episodic Memory
... there are still some features that are controversial). There is general acceptance of the statement that the form of the retrieval query directed at the episodic system is “What did you do at time T in place P?” (Tulving, 1984). Tulving’s definition also includes the capacity for mental time travel ...
... there are still some features that are controversial). There is general acceptance of the statement that the form of the retrieval query directed at the episodic system is “What did you do at time T in place P?” (Tulving, 1984). Tulving’s definition also includes the capacity for mental time travel ...
Methylphenidate Enhances Working Memory by Modulating
... agents (Arnsten and Goldman-Rakic, 1985) as well as electrophysiological measures (Bernardi et al., 1982) in the monkey have identified the lateral prefrontal cortex as a critical region by which these monoamine systems influence SWM processes. In addition, in humans, methylphenidate enhances perfor ...
... agents (Arnsten and Goldman-Rakic, 1985) as well as electrophysiological measures (Bernardi et al., 1982) in the monkey have identified the lateral prefrontal cortex as a critical region by which these monoamine systems influence SWM processes. In addition, in humans, methylphenidate enhances perfor ...
The construction system of the brain References Rapid response
... using our past to prepare for the future’. ...
... using our past to prepare for the future’. ...
Yale Review of Undergraduate Research in
... et al., 2009). Another computational study showed that a decrease in the strength of excitatory cortico-cortical connections could account for the decrease global activity seen in SWS, including various aspects of the waveform of slow oscillations (amplitude, slop, incidence of multiple-wave peaks e ...
... et al., 2009). Another computational study showed that a decrease in the strength of excitatory cortico-cortical connections could account for the decrease global activity seen in SWS, including various aspects of the waveform of slow oscillations (amplitude, slop, incidence of multiple-wave peaks e ...
Semantic and episodic components of brand knowledge
... ignored the growing scientific consensus that human memory is not a monolithic faculty, but rather a collection of relatively independent systems underpinning by dissociable neural circuits and characterized by different patterns of learning, unlearning, and biases (Milner et al. 1998; Squire & Wixt ...
... ignored the growing scientific consensus that human memory is not a monolithic faculty, but rather a collection of relatively independent systems underpinning by dissociable neural circuits and characterized by different patterns of learning, unlearning, and biases (Milner et al. 1998; Squire & Wixt ...
Zola-Morgan et al. 1986
... human cases have until now left some uncertainty as to whether lesions limited to the hippocampus are sufficient to cause amnesia. Here we report a case of amnesia in a patient (R.B.) who developed memory impairment following an ischemic episode. During the 5 years until his death, R.B. exhibited ma ...
... human cases have until now left some uncertainty as to whether lesions limited to the hippocampus are sufficient to cause amnesia. Here we report a case of amnesia in a patient (R.B.) who developed memory impairment following an ischemic episode. During the 5 years until his death, R.B. exhibited ma ...
Slides - Indiana University Bloomington
... in the CA1 neurons are shown in B. For a single stimulus, the amplitude of the EPSPs is plotted at 100%. When a train of stimuli is applied instead, the amplitude of the EPSPs augment to about 150%, whereas with 4 such trains, the amplitude increases to 250%. Many people think that long-term potenti ...
... in the CA1 neurons are shown in B. For a single stimulus, the amplitude of the EPSPs is plotted at 100%. When a train of stimuli is applied instead, the amplitude of the EPSPs augment to about 150%, whereas with 4 such trains, the amplitude increases to 250%. Many people think that long-term potenti ...
Mechanisms underlying working memory for novel information
... studies of working memory did not report activity within parahippocampal regions such as perirhinal or entorhinal cortex, although these areas had previously been shown to be necessary for DNMS and DMS tasks in monkeys [18,19,23]. The non-human primate lesion studies motivated an fMRI study by Stern ...
... studies of working memory did not report activity within parahippocampal regions such as perirhinal or entorhinal cortex, although these areas had previously been shown to be necessary for DNMS and DMS tasks in monkeys [18,19,23]. The non-human primate lesion studies motivated an fMRI study by Stern ...
Specialized Neurons, Their Characteristics And
... PhD, California State University Northridge, California ...
... PhD, California State University Northridge, California ...
Childhood memory
Childhood memory refers to memories formed in childhood. Among its other roles, memory functions to guide present behaviour and to predict future outcomes. Memory in childhood is qualitatively and quantitatively different from the memories formed and retrieved in late adolescence and the adult years. Childhood memory research is relatively recent in relation to the study of other types of cognitive processes underpinning behaviour. Understanding the mechanisms by which memories in childhood are encoded and later retrieved has important implications in many areas. Research into childhood memory includes topics such as childhood memory formation and retrieval mechanisms in relation to those in adults, controversies surrounding infantile amnesia and the fact that adults have relatively poor memories of early childhood, the ways in which school environment and family environment influence memory, and the ways in which memory can be improved in childhood to improve overall cognition, performance in school, and well-being, both in childhood and in adulthood.