How Do We Know That We Know? The Accessibility Model
... information pertaining to the presence of the solicited item in memory and that this information appears in a ready-made format. At first sight, this solution to the question of how one knows that one knows appears to raise the homunculus problem of how the monitor itself can know. However, the idea ...
... information pertaining to the presence of the solicited item in memory and that this information appears in a ready-made format. At first sight, this solution to the question of how one knows that one knows appears to raise the homunculus problem of how the monitor itself can know. However, the idea ...
Hebb repetition learning 1 VISUAL AND PHONOLOGICAL HEBB
... two block-orders. Lists in the CA block comprised five letters; lists in the no-CA block comprised eight letters. These different list lengths had been arrived at as a result of pilot work, to give approximately equal levels of baseline performance. The letters used were taken from the full set of c ...
... two block-orders. Lists in the CA block comprised five letters; lists in the no-CA block comprised eight letters. These different list lengths had been arrived at as a result of pilot work, to give approximately equal levels of baseline performance. The letters used were taken from the full set of c ...
The Roles of the Amygdala and the Hippocampus in Fear
... Anyone who has returned to the neighborhood where they grew up can feel the striking experience of long-lost memories coming back in vivid detail to their mind. Events that are personal and encountered during a specific context are better recalled when the person is located in the same context again ...
... Anyone who has returned to the neighborhood where they grew up can feel the striking experience of long-lost memories coming back in vivid detail to their mind. Events that are personal and encountered during a specific context are better recalled when the person is located in the same context again ...
4 - Radboud Repository
... In this thesis, I will mainly focus on the action of glucocorticoids. They bind to two receptor types in the brain, named mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptor. These receptors differ in their distribution in the brain, function, and affinity for glucocorticoids, i.e. how easily gl ...
... In this thesis, I will mainly focus on the action of glucocorticoids. They bind to two receptor types in the brain, named mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptor. These receptors differ in their distribution in the brain, function, and affinity for glucocorticoids, i.e. how easily gl ...
The role of test structure in creating false memories
... increase the likelihood of detecting an effect. Dodd et al. failed to detect any differences in false recognition rates, and they concluded that retrieval factors did not contribute to the high false alarm rates observed in the DRM paradigm. However, Diez, Fernandez, and Alonso (2004), who also mani ...
... increase the likelihood of detecting an effect. Dodd et al. failed to detect any differences in false recognition rates, and they concluded that retrieval factors did not contribute to the high false alarm rates observed in the DRM paradigm. However, Diez, Fernandez, and Alonso (2004), who also mani ...
The Wick in the Candle of Learning
... finding led to a behavioral study, which showed that subjects spent more scarce resources (either limited tokens or waiting time) to find out answers when they were more curious. The functional imaging also showed that curiosity increased activity in memory areas when subjects guessed incorrectly, w ...
... finding led to a behavioral study, which showed that subjects spent more scarce resources (either limited tokens or waiting time) to find out answers when they were more curious. The functional imaging also showed that curiosity increased activity in memory areas when subjects guessed incorrectly, w ...
fulltext
... Fear memories cause problems for people suffering from situationally elicited fear reactions like phobias and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Hence, it is possible that individual differences in the encoding and retrieval processes of fear memories are part of the etiology of these disorders. ...
... Fear memories cause problems for people suffering from situationally elicited fear reactions like phobias and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Hence, it is possible that individual differences in the encoding and retrieval processes of fear memories are part of the etiology of these disorders. ...
do simultaneously presented visual and auditory
... unimodal or bimodal stimuli. For example, Saults and Cowan (2007) report that memory capacity was significantly lower in the bimodal conditions (i.e., auditory and visual stimuli were presented) than in the unimodal conditions (i.e., either auditory or visual stimulus was presented). With these cons ...
... unimodal or bimodal stimuli. For example, Saults and Cowan (2007) report that memory capacity was significantly lower in the bimodal conditions (i.e., auditory and visual stimuli were presented) than in the unimodal conditions (i.e., either auditory or visual stimulus was presented). With these cons ...
IMAGERY PERSPECTIVE AND MEMORY RECALL 1 Accepted for
... thinking about the self, which could result in unfavorable self-comparisons (with an ideal self) reducing the positive affective response (Kuyken & Howell, 2006; Kuyken & Moulds, 2009). This seems also in line with the idea that an observer perspective is related to thinking about the recalled event ...
... thinking about the self, which could result in unfavorable self-comparisons (with an ideal self) reducing the positive affective response (Kuyken & Howell, 2006; Kuyken & Moulds, 2009). This seems also in line with the idea that an observer perspective is related to thinking about the recalled event ...
Episodic memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal–anterior thalamic
... Markowitsch 1994), and biases can be introduced by the reliance on one particular research method. For these reasons we have tried, wherever possible, to present complementary data from an array of techniques and from more than one species. 2. Main features of the proposed model 1. The anatomical fo ...
... Markowitsch 1994), and biases can be introduced by the reliance on one particular research method. For these reasons we have tried, wherever possible, to present complementary data from an array of techniques and from more than one species. 2. Main features of the proposed model 1. The anatomical fo ...
Free recall and recognition in a network model of the... simulating effects of scopolamine on human memory function
... Fig. 3. (A) Anatomical connectivity of the hippocampal formation. Connections between the hippocampus and multimodal association cortices pass through the entorhinal cortex. (1) Fibers of the perforant path connect entorhinal cortex layers II and III with the dentate gyrus. (2) The dentate gyrus pro ...
... Fig. 3. (A) Anatomical connectivity of the hippocampal formation. Connections between the hippocampus and multimodal association cortices pass through the entorhinal cortex. (1) Fibers of the perforant path connect entorhinal cortex layers II and III with the dentate gyrus. (2) The dentate gyrus pro ...
Phonological similarity and the irrelevant speech
... An alternative interpretation of this pattern of results is to suggest that, although subjects preferentially use phonological coding for immediate serial recall, when performance drops below some critical level, they abandon phonological coding and attempt to use other strategies such as semantic c ...
... An alternative interpretation of this pattern of results is to suggest that, although subjects preferentially use phonological coding for immediate serial recall, when performance drops below some critical level, they abandon phonological coding and attempt to use other strategies such as semantic c ...
Memory
... Learners” (FCL) program encourages reflection and discussion including: • Online consultation • Reciprocal teaching, a teaching method in which students take turns leading small-group discussions • Using adults as role models ...
... Learners” (FCL) program encourages reflection and discussion including: • Online consultation • Reciprocal teaching, a teaching method in which students take turns leading small-group discussions • Using adults as role models ...
Isolated Retrograde Amnesia
... complex with other cortical structures, the experience of an event is mediated and by this process multiple traces are formed over time. Nadel and Moscovitch (1997) proposed that older memories require more memory traces compared with recent memories and that successful retrieval is facilitated by a ...
... complex with other cortical structures, the experience of an event is mediated and by this process multiple traces are formed over time. Nadel and Moscovitch (1997) proposed that older memories require more memory traces compared with recent memories and that successful retrieval is facilitated by a ...
Strong items get suppressed, weak items do not: The role of item
... items during test impairs recall of other items later in the test (Roediger & Schmidt, 1980; Smith, 1971). On the one hand, the present results confirm this finding from previous studies, showing that high-frequency members of categories are impaired by the prior recall of items associated to the sa ...
... items during test impairs recall of other items later in the test (Roediger & Schmidt, 1980; Smith, 1971). On the one hand, the present results confirm this finding from previous studies, showing that high-frequency members of categories are impaired by the prior recall of items associated to the sa ...
Laminar Cortical Dynamics of Cognitive and Motor Working Memory
... italics. The proposed function of each region is shown in plain text and names of components that are modeled in this paper are underlined. Model connectivity has been simplified. A more detailed specification is provided in Sections 4 and 5 and in Figure 2. Abbreviations: MGN, thalamic medial genic ...
... italics. The proposed function of each region is shown in plain text and names of components that are modeled in this paper are underlined. Model connectivity has been simplified. A more detailed specification is provided in Sections 4 and 5 and in Figure 2. Abbreviations: MGN, thalamic medial genic ...
Updating verbal and visuospatial working memory: Are the
... passive phonological short-term store. Another study used position emission tomography (PET) to investigate the cortical regions for the maintenance of spatial versus phonological information in working memory[18]. They found that bilateral anterior and posterior intraparietal sulcus, as well as rig ...
... passive phonological short-term store. Another study used position emission tomography (PET) to investigate the cortical regions for the maintenance of spatial versus phonological information in working memory[18]. They found that bilateral anterior and posterior intraparietal sulcus, as well as rig ...
Full Text - The British Journal of Psychiatry
... Functional data were analysed using SPM2 on a Windowsbased workstation. For preprocessing, images were time corrected to account for differences in sampling times for different slices, ...
... Functional data were analysed using SPM2 on a Windowsbased workstation. For preprocessing, images were time corrected to account for differences in sampling times for different slices, ...
The Perirhinal, Entorhinal, and Parahippocampal Cortices and
... to control participants (O’Kane et al. 2004). In an influential study, Vargha-Khadem and colleagues (1997) studied four patients with selective hippocampal damage acquired at an early age, who were nonetheless able to acquire normal levels of language comprehension and perform relatively well in sch ...
... to control participants (O’Kane et al. 2004). In an influential study, Vargha-Khadem and colleagues (1997) studied four patients with selective hippocampal damage acquired at an early age, who were nonetheless able to acquire normal levels of language comprehension and perform relatively well in sch ...
Neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying human
... given moment we could either lay down a distinctive memory trace to allow for subsequent retrieval, or we could retrieve memories that are related to the familiar components of an unfolding event. This conflict leads to certain crucial questions about the human memory system: Are we able to simultan ...
... given moment we could either lay down a distinctive memory trace to allow for subsequent retrieval, or we could retrieve memories that are related to the familiar components of an unfolding event. This conflict leads to certain crucial questions about the human memory system: Are we able to simultan ...
Memory, aging and external memory aids
... Executive functions is a broad term involving mechanisms such as coordination, monitoring, selection, set-switching, attention control and inhibition control. All of these mechanisms are said to be important for being in control of the novelty aspects of the everyday life (Bouazzaoui, Isingrini, Ang ...
... Executive functions is a broad term involving mechanisms such as coordination, monitoring, selection, set-switching, attention control and inhibition control. All of these mechanisms are said to be important for being in control of the novelty aspects of the everyday life (Bouazzaoui, Isingrini, Ang ...
Retrieval induces adaptive forgetting of competing memories via
... Remembering a past experience can, surprisingly, cause forgetting. Forgetting arises when other competing traces interfere with retrieval and inhibitory control mechanisms are engaged to suppress the distraction they cause. This form of forgetting is considered to be adaptive because it reduces futu ...
... Remembering a past experience can, surprisingly, cause forgetting. Forgetting arises when other competing traces interfere with retrieval and inhibitory control mechanisms are engaged to suppress the distraction they cause. This form of forgetting is considered to be adaptive because it reduces futu ...
Dopamine and adaptive memory - Shohamy Lab
... which dopamine helps create enriched mnemonic representations of the environment to support adaptive behavior. The hippocampus: Creating building blocks for memory-guided behavior After decades of research, our understanding of the brain mechanisms that contribute to long-term memory for events or e ...
... which dopamine helps create enriched mnemonic representations of the environment to support adaptive behavior. The hippocampus: Creating building blocks for memory-guided behavior After decades of research, our understanding of the brain mechanisms that contribute to long-term memory for events or e ...
The impact of iconic gestures on foreign language word learning
... Abstract: Vocabulary acquisition represents a major challenge in foreign language learning. Research has demonstrated that gestures accompanying speech have an impact on memory for verbal information in the speakers’ mother tongue and, as recently shown, also in foreign language learning. However, t ...
... Abstract: Vocabulary acquisition represents a major challenge in foreign language learning. Research has demonstrated that gestures accompanying speech have an impact on memory for verbal information in the speakers’ mother tongue and, as recently shown, also in foreign language learning. However, t ...
Optimal Recall from Bounded Metaplastic Synapses: Predicting
... circuits: the bounded dynamical range of synapses. Recent treatments based on the notion of metaplasticity provide a powerful model for individual bounded synapses; however, their implications for the ability of the hippocampus to retrieve memories well and the dynamics of neurons associated with th ...
... circuits: the bounded dynamical range of synapses. Recent treatments based on the notion of metaplasticity provide a powerful model for individual bounded synapses; however, their implications for the ability of the hippocampus to retrieve memories well and the dynamics of neurons associated with th ...
Eyewitness memory (child testimony)
An eyewitness testimony is a statement given under oath by a person present at an event who can describe what happened. During circumstances in which a child is a witness to the event, the child can be used to deliver a testimony on the stand. The credibility of a child, however, is often questioned due to their underdeveloped memory capacity and overall brain physiology. Researchers found that eyewitness memory requires high-order memory capacity even for well-developed adult brain. Because a child's brain is not yet fully developed, each child witness must be assessed by the proper authorities to determine their reliability as a witness and whether or not they are mature enough to accurately recall the event, provide important details and withstand leading questions.