A role for sleep in brain plasticity
... synchronized bursting in thalamocortical circuits, transient increases of intra-cellular calcium and, in some mammals, the release of somatotropins [13,55,56]. A role for non-REM sleep in developmental cortical plasticity is suggested by maturational changes in non-REM sleep that coincide with perio ...
... synchronized bursting in thalamocortical circuits, transient increases of intra-cellular calcium and, in some mammals, the release of somatotropins [13,55,56]. A role for non-REM sleep in developmental cortical plasticity is suggested by maturational changes in non-REM sleep that coincide with perio ...
Memory, aging and external memory aids
... The demography in developing countries is rapidly changing for an older population. This change will exercise the system of healthcare and constrain the financial means for a sustainable care of individuals. A part of enduring the demographic change lean against the notion that the group of older ad ...
... The demography in developing countries is rapidly changing for an older population. This change will exercise the system of healthcare and constrain the financial means for a sustainable care of individuals. A part of enduring the demographic change lean against the notion that the group of older ad ...
Behavioural Brain Research Learning processing in the basal ganglia
... At the first half of the last century, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases were known by their motor disabilities. The discovery that these diseases are caused by the degeneration of components of the basal ganglia led to the theory that this system is exclusively involved in motor functions [13,55 ...
... At the first half of the last century, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases were known by their motor disabilities. The discovery that these diseases are caused by the degeneration of components of the basal ganglia led to the theory that this system is exclusively involved in motor functions [13,55 ...
Dopamine and adaptive memory - Shohamy Lab
... animals indicate that dopamine acting at hippocampal synapses is a necessary precursor not only for long-term potentiation (LTP), a prime cellular model of learning and memory [26–28], but also for the behavioral persistence of long-term memories [29–31]. Importantly for models of episodic memory, d ...
... animals indicate that dopamine acting at hippocampal synapses is a necessary precursor not only for long-term potentiation (LTP), a prime cellular model of learning and memory [26–28], but also for the behavioral persistence of long-term memories [29–31]. Importantly for models of episodic memory, d ...
Author`s personal copy - Sleep, Stress, and Memory Lab
... are “how to” memories for the various skills, procedures, and habits that we acquire through experience. Because these memories are not so easily made explicit and are usually only evident in behavior, they are referred to as procedural or implicit memories. Finally, there are emotional memories for ...
... are “how to” memories for the various skills, procedures, and habits that we acquire through experience. Because these memories are not so easily made explicit and are usually only evident in behavior, they are referred to as procedural or implicit memories. Finally, there are emotional memories for ...
The Composition Effect: Conjunctive or Compensatory?
... example is the Andes physics tutor [4] which uses a leaky-AND assumption to model composition. The other approach is compensatory (OR/additive). This approach assumes that a skill with high probability of knowledge can compensate for a lower probability of knowledge of the other skill(s) involved an ...
... example is the Andes physics tutor [4] which uses a leaky-AND assumption to model composition. The other approach is compensatory (OR/additive). This approach assumes that a skill with high probability of knowledge can compensate for a lower probability of knowledge of the other skill(s) involved an ...
The Roles of Dopamine - ETH E
... evaluates the expected values of future actions, without necessarily executing them, in order to select the action with the optimal predicted outcome. The model selects the optimal action from such ‘action ideas’ or ‘imagined actions’. This optimal action is selected by assuming that dopamine neuron ...
... evaluates the expected values of future actions, without necessarily executing them, in order to select the action with the optimal predicted outcome. The model selects the optimal action from such ‘action ideas’ or ‘imagined actions’. This optimal action is selected by assuming that dopamine neuron ...
A Sequential Analysis of Procedural Communication in
... earlier work. Whereas Putnam’s (1983) description of procedural communication includes statements about how tasks should be handled and when specific steps of a team project should be implemented, we explicitly focus on procedural communication that steers and manages the team discussion at a meta-l ...
... earlier work. Whereas Putnam’s (1983) description of procedural communication includes statements about how tasks should be handled and when specific steps of a team project should be implemented, we explicitly focus on procedural communication that steers and manages the team discussion at a meta-l ...
Sleep Spindles as Facilitators of Memory Formation and Learning
... leads to increased recall performance in a declarative wordassociation task [24]. In that study, spindle waves and slow oscillations were both enhanced compared to controls who received only sham stimuli. Similarly, pharmacological augmentation of spindles with the allosteric GABAA receptor modulato ...
... leads to increased recall performance in a declarative wordassociation task [24]. In that study, spindle waves and slow oscillations were both enhanced compared to controls who received only sham stimuli. Similarly, pharmacological augmentation of spindles with the allosteric GABAA receptor modulato ...
"Sleep and Memory". In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS)
... Figure 2 Potential roles of sleep in synaptic and systems consolidation. (a) Representative changes in release of acetylcholine (ACh) and noradrenaline (NA) in the cortex (relative to waking) during REM and NREM sleep. Representative EEG traces for the two sleep states show cortical activity similar ...
... Figure 2 Potential roles of sleep in synaptic and systems consolidation. (a) Representative changes in release of acetylcholine (ACh) and noradrenaline (NA) in the cortex (relative to waking) during REM and NREM sleep. Representative EEG traces for the two sleep states show cortical activity similar ...
in search of memory traces
... The “earliest” conditioned brain responses (i.e., those appearing with the shortest latencies after application of the CS) might thus be considered to be “at the site” of conditioning, and other later conditioned brain responses might be considered to be secondary to them. Similarly (and hopefully v ...
... The “earliest” conditioned brain responses (i.e., those appearing with the shortest latencies after application of the CS) might thus be considered to be “at the site” of conditioning, and other later conditioned brain responses might be considered to be secondary to them. Similarly (and hopefully v ...
NOBA Memory (Encoding, Storage, Retrieval)
... sharper than others? A memory where you can recall unusual details, like the colors of mundane things around you, or the exact positions of surrounding objects? Although people have great confidence in flashbulb memories like these, the truth is, our objective accuracy with them is far from perfect ...
... sharper than others? A memory where you can recall unusual details, like the colors of mundane things around you, or the exact positions of surrounding objects? Although people have great confidence in flashbulb memories like these, the truth is, our objective accuracy with them is far from perfect ...
The contribution of sleep to hippocampus
... with sleep. Procedural memory refers to memories for perceptual and motor skills with the latter essentially relying on cortico-striatal and cortico-cerebellar loops. Skills are acquired gradually by repeated practice but, once automated remain fairly stable. Encoding and retrieval of memories can b ...
... with sleep. Procedural memory refers to memories for perceptual and motor skills with the latter essentially relying on cortico-striatal and cortico-cerebellar loops. Skills are acquired gradually by repeated practice but, once automated remain fairly stable. Encoding and retrieval of memories can b ...
Memory Consolidation and REM Sleep
... Replaying memories over in our heads is the nature of dreams during REM sleep. Opponents of this theory often wonder why don't we remember our dreams if dreaming is involved in memory? The answer is that dreaming acts as the short-term unconscious mechanism by which memories may be delivered to the ...
... Replaying memories over in our heads is the nature of dreams during REM sleep. Opponents of this theory often wonder why don't we remember our dreams if dreaming is involved in memory? The answer is that dreaming acts as the short-term unconscious mechanism by which memories may be delivered to the ...
Methylphenidate Enhances Working Memory by Modulating
... of methylphenidate or placebo (lactose) presented in identical capsules. Imaging commenced ⬃90 min after ingestion of the capsule to maximize the levels of drug during the scans (Gualtieri et al., 1982). Before scans or tablet ingestion on session 1, subjects were given a brief baseline assessment w ...
... of methylphenidate or placebo (lactose) presented in identical capsules. Imaging commenced ⬃90 min after ingestion of the capsule to maximize the levels of drug during the scans (Gualtieri et al., 1982). Before scans or tablet ingestion on session 1, subjects were given a brief baseline assessment w ...
Neurotransmitters: Acetylcholine and Dopamine
... – It is still not fully understood how memory formation occurs – However, research has shown that when a shortterm memory is converted into long-term storage in the hippocampus, neurons in the brain help to synthesize protein molecules and new connections between neurons are formed ...
... – It is still not fully understood how memory formation occurs – However, research has shown that when a shortterm memory is converted into long-term storage in the hippocampus, neurons in the brain help to synthesize protein molecules and new connections between neurons are formed ...
Hippocampus, cortex, and basal ganglia: Insights
... (PC), hippocampus (HC), and frontal cortex (FC), which is thought to include the basal ganglia as well (and many other relevant brain areas are not included, for simplicity). Each component of the architecture is specialized for a different function by virtue of having different parameters and neural ...
... (PC), hippocampus (HC), and frontal cortex (FC), which is thought to include the basal ganglia as well (and many other relevant brain areas are not included, for simplicity). Each component of the architecture is specialized for a different function by virtue of having different parameters and neural ...
Neuroimaging Studies of Memory. In Encyclopedia of the
... seconds, during which they were PET scanned. After the scan, they had to retrieve the items to be sure that they had been accurately stored. Scanning during just the retention interval allows one to isolate storage processes, or at least to concentrate scanning on storage. One study using this proce ...
... seconds, during which they were PET scanned. After the scan, they had to retrieve the items to be sure that they had been accurately stored. Scanning during just the retention interval allows one to isolate storage processes, or at least to concentrate scanning on storage. One study using this proce ...
The ventral striatum in goal-directed behavior and - UvA-DARE
... of multiple interconnected brain structures, some level of anatomical distinction can be justified as the circuitries underlying different types of learning consist of different subsets of brain structures. The formation and retrieval of declarative memories require at least ...
... of multiple interconnected brain structures, some level of anatomical distinction can be justified as the circuitries underlying different types of learning consist of different subsets of brain structures. The formation and retrieval of declarative memories require at least ...
Learning to Remember Rare Events
... Figure 3: Extended Neural GPU with memory module. Memory query is read from the position one below the current output logit, and the embedded memory value is put at the same position of the output tape p. The network learns to use these values to produce the output in the next step. Sequence-to-sequ ...
... Figure 3: Extended Neural GPU with memory module. Memory query is read from the position one below the current output logit, and the embedded memory value is put at the same position of the output tape p. The network learns to use these values to produce the output in the next step. Sequence-to-sequ ...
Different Strategies in Solving Series Completion Inductive
... and twice internal maintaining/updating a counter, and then the rule can be determined according to the counter. In this way, the procedural strategy incurs many more working memory demands than the retrieval strategy. Thus, the two strategies should differentially engage brain areas that are sensit ...
... and twice internal maintaining/updating a counter, and then the rule can be determined according to the counter. In this way, the procedural strategy incurs many more working memory demands than the retrieval strategy. Thus, the two strategies should differentially engage brain areas that are sensit ...
Consolidation of motor memory
... sequence 24 h later. However, if subjects learned a second sequence immediately after the first, then there were no savings (of the first sequence) at 24 h. By contrast, subjects showed savings for both sequences if the second sequence was learned 6 h after the first. These studies indicate that ret ...
... sequence 24 h later. However, if subjects learned a second sequence immediately after the first, then there were no savings (of the first sequence) at 24 h. By contrast, subjects showed savings for both sequences if the second sequence was learned 6 h after the first. These studies indicate that ret ...
Yale Review of Undergraduate Research in
... et al., 2009). Another computational study showed that a decrease in the strength of excitatory cortico-cortical connections could account for the decrease global activity seen in SWS, including various aspects of the waveform of slow oscillations (amplitude, slop, incidence of multiple-wave peaks e ...
... et al., 2009). Another computational study showed that a decrease in the strength of excitatory cortico-cortical connections could account for the decrease global activity seen in SWS, including various aspects of the waveform of slow oscillations (amplitude, slop, incidence of multiple-wave peaks e ...