Strong items get suppressed, weak items do not: The role of item
... Previous studies on output interference have shown that the recall of items during test impairs recall of other items later in the test (Roediger & Schmidt, 1980; Smith, 1971). On the one hand, the present results confirm this finding from previous studies, showing that high-frequency members of cat ...
... Previous studies on output interference have shown that the recall of items during test impairs recall of other items later in the test (Roediger & Schmidt, 1980; Smith, 1971). On the one hand, the present results confirm this finding from previous studies, showing that high-frequency members of cat ...
The Wick in the Candle of Learning
... finding led to a behavioral study, which showed that subjects spent more scarce resources (either limited tokens or waiting time) to find out answers when they were more curious. The functional imaging also showed that curiosity increased activity in memory areas when subjects guessed incorrectly, w ...
... finding led to a behavioral study, which showed that subjects spent more scarce resources (either limited tokens or waiting time) to find out answers when they were more curious. The functional imaging also showed that curiosity increased activity in memory areas when subjects guessed incorrectly, w ...
do simultaneously presented visual and auditory
... while attending important meetings, conferences, or classes, we might try to attend to both auditory and visual stimuli in order to acquire necessary information. In order to help individuals better comprehend the information effectively with simultaneous presentation of stimuli, it would be valuabl ...
... while attending important meetings, conferences, or classes, we might try to attend to both auditory and visual stimuli in order to acquire necessary information. In order to help individuals better comprehend the information effectively with simultaneous presentation of stimuli, it would be valuabl ...
Episodic memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal–anterior thalamic
... different parts of this system produces similar memory impairments. 4. In contrast, this extended hippocampal–diencephalic system need not be vital for efficient recognition. This is because recognition is regarded as being composed of at least two independent processes (Mandler 1980), only one of w ...
... different parts of this system produces similar memory impairments. 4. In contrast, this extended hippocampal–diencephalic system need not be vital for efficient recognition. This is because recognition is regarded as being composed of at least two independent processes (Mandler 1980), only one of w ...
Phonological similarity and the irrelevant speech
... The irrelevant speech consisted of three sets of six words. Words in one set, FEE, HE, KNEE, LEE, ME, and SHE, end in a long E sound. A second set of words, EBB, ECHO, EDGE, EGG, ET, and ETCH, begin with a short E sound. The third set of words, BAY, HOE, IT, ODD, SHY, and UP do not have any sound in ...
... The irrelevant speech consisted of three sets of six words. Words in one set, FEE, HE, KNEE, LEE, ME, and SHE, end in a long E sound. A second set of words, EBB, ECHO, EDGE, EGG, ET, and ETCH, begin with a short E sound. The third set of words, BAY, HOE, IT, ODD, SHY, and UP do not have any sound in ...
A Gentle Introduction to Soar, an Architecture for Human
... proficient (and some of us expert) at one or more of these activities and thousands of others. Indeed, perhaps the most remarkable thing about people is how many things they learn to do given how little they seem to be born knowing how to do. There are many other properties that underlie our cogniti ...
... proficient (and some of us expert) at one or more of these activities and thousands of others. Indeed, perhaps the most remarkable thing about people is how many things they learn to do given how little they seem to be born knowing how to do. There are many other properties that underlie our cogniti ...
The impact of iconic gestures on foreign language word learning
... whether the enhancing effect on verbal memory when performing a speech gesture during word learning is caused by the physical performance of the action itself, by the reactivation of a mental image, or possibly both. We reason that if the enhancement only depends on motor activity or on multimodalit ...
... whether the enhancing effect on verbal memory when performing a speech gesture during word learning is caused by the physical performance of the action itself, by the reactivation of a mental image, or possibly both. We reason that if the enhancement only depends on motor activity or on multimodalit ...
Auditory working memory: contributions of lateral prefrontal cortex
... my husband I owe a debt of gratitude for being there when it counted the most and standing by me for all the challenges great and small. ...
... my husband I owe a debt of gratitude for being there when it counted the most and standing by me for all the challenges great and small. ...
Updating verbal and visuospatial working memory: Are the
... encoding. It is important to note that WM sub-systems play different roles in the different processing periods, so that the working memory system should act as an integrated system during active processing. Therefore, one strategy for examining the role of the executive is to interfere with the oper ...
... encoding. It is important to note that WM sub-systems play different roles in the different processing periods, so that the working memory system should act as an integrated system during active processing. Therefore, one strategy for examining the role of the executive is to interfere with the oper ...
File - [email protected] P12
... This material is copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of the relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Kilbaha Multimedia Publishing. The contents of this work are copyrighted. Unauthorised co ...
... This material is copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of the relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Kilbaha Multimedia Publishing. The contents of this work are copyrighted. Unauthorised co ...
Memory
... – Children’s information is characterized by selfmodification: Children learn to use what they have learned in previous circumstances to adapt their responses to new situations. • Metacognition: Cognition about cognition, or “knowing about knowing.” • Siegler: Children play an active role in their c ...
... – Children’s information is characterized by selfmodification: Children learn to use what they have learned in previous circumstances to adapt their responses to new situations. • Metacognition: Cognition about cognition, or “knowing about knowing.” • Siegler: Children play an active role in their c ...
Blockade of Central Cholinergic Receptors Impairs New Learning
... Figure 3. Design of the experiment. Subjects were tested on overlapping and nonoverlapping word pairs in two different phases of the experiment: Phase 1 and Phase 2. This allowed both a within-subject comparison of the effect of study phase and a between-groups comparison. Subjects were initially tr ...
... Figure 3. Design of the experiment. Subjects were tested on overlapping and nonoverlapping word pairs in two different phases of the experiment: Phase 1 and Phase 2. This allowed both a within-subject comparison of the effect of study phase and a between-groups comparison. Subjects were initially tr ...
Domain-general mechanisms of complex working memory span
... and Miyake, 1996). The key behavioral result in these studies, which we used as a benchmark to validate our paradigm, was that interference effects were stronger in the same-domain tasks than in the cross-domain tasks (i.e., recall accuracy was lowest when the storage and processing were conducted i ...
... and Miyake, 1996). The key behavioral result in these studies, which we used as a benchmark to validate our paradigm, was that interference effects were stronger in the same-domain tasks than in the cross-domain tasks (i.e., recall accuracy was lowest when the storage and processing were conducted i ...
Blockade of Central Cholinergic Receptors Impairs New Learning and
... Figure 3. Design of the experiment. Subjects were tested on overlapping and nonoverlapping word pairs in two different phases of the experiment: Phase 1 and Phase 2. This allowed both a within-subject comparison of the effect of study phase and a between-groups comparison. Subjects were initially tr ...
... Figure 3. Design of the experiment. Subjects were tested on overlapping and nonoverlapping word pairs in two different phases of the experiment: Phase 1 and Phase 2. This allowed both a within-subject comparison of the effect of study phase and a between-groups comparison. Subjects were initially tr ...
Language repetition and short-term memory: an integrative
... (Hickok and Poeppel, 2007; Friederici, 2012), suggesting that the ventral pathway is also related to maintenance aspects during language reproduction, and this more specifically for semantic information [R. (Martin et al., 1994b, 1999); however, see Barde et al. (2010) for further involvement of the ...
... (Hickok and Poeppel, 2007; Friederici, 2012), suggesting that the ventral pathway is also related to maintenance aspects during language reproduction, and this more specifically for semantic information [R. (Martin et al., 1994b, 1999); however, see Barde et al. (2010) for further involvement of the ...
Hippocampal contributions to language
... and listened to short stories. The amount of time participants spent looking at the characters after a pronoun reference was recorded. Healthy comparisons and BDC participants preferentially targeted the first mentioned character while participants with hippocampal damage did not to the same degree, ...
... and listened to short stories. The amount of time participants spent looking at the characters after a pronoun reference was recorded. Healthy comparisons and BDC participants preferentially targeted the first mentioned character while participants with hippocampal damage did not to the same degree, ...
Creating associative memory distortions
... Memory illusions, which have fascinated researchers for decades, refer to situations in which a person either declares that he or she remembers something that did not really occur or remembers a fact that did occur but in a manner that seriously differs from actually experienced events (Roediger, 19 ...
... Memory illusions, which have fascinated researchers for decades, refer to situations in which a person either declares that he or she remembers something that did not really occur or remembers a fact that did occur but in a manner that seriously differs from actually experienced events (Roediger, 19 ...
Memory, aging and external memory aids
... abilities, especially concerning memory abilities, therefore the notion of independence can be interpreted as a challenge. To sustain a quality of life for this group and assuring that elderly will keep a position in society a substantial lot of research and scientific inquiry is being allocated to ...
... abilities, especially concerning memory abilities, therefore the notion of independence can be interpreted as a challenge. To sustain a quality of life for this group and assuring that elderly will keep a position in society a substantial lot of research and scientific inquiry is being allocated to ...
Confabulation: Damage to a specific inferior medial prefrontal system
... (DK) (for example, ‘‘Who is the current world fencing champion?’’). Participants were also asked to tell the story of Little Red Riding Hood. Questions were put to participants in a random order, and responses were scored as ‘‘correct’’, ‘‘don’t know’’ or ‘‘confabulation’’. For PSM and PEM questions ...
... (DK) (for example, ‘‘Who is the current world fencing champion?’’). Participants were also asked to tell the story of Little Red Riding Hood. Questions were put to participants in a random order, and responses were scored as ‘‘correct’’, ‘‘don’t know’’ or ‘‘confabulation’’. For PSM and PEM questions ...
Testing Promotes Long-Term Learning via Stabilizing Activation
... (BA 45/46), the left precuneus (BA 39) and the bilateral superior parietal lobule (BA 7). These results were considered to be evidence that repeated testing reduces cognitive control demands during future episodic retrieval by making the cue-target link easier to process (Kuhl et al. 2007). Further ...
... (BA 45/46), the left precuneus (BA 39) and the bilateral superior parietal lobule (BA 7). These results were considered to be evidence that repeated testing reduces cognitive control demands during future episodic retrieval by making the cue-target link easier to process (Kuhl et al. 2007). Further ...
Priming on perceptual implicit memory tests can be achieved
... standard items (stems corresponding to list words drawn from positions other than 1, 4, and 12 in the lists—one from each list), and 6 filler items. Therefore, only 18 stems corresponded to words that had been presented during the study phase. Subjects were given 12 sec to complete each stem and wer ...
... standard items (stems corresponding to list words drawn from positions other than 1, 4, and 12 in the lists—one from each list), and 6 filler items. Therefore, only 18 stems corresponded to words that had been presented during the study phase. Subjects were given 12 sec to complete each stem and wer ...
Multi-item Memory in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex
... To address the questions we have outlined above, we designed an experiment to study the mechanism that the brain employs to represent multiple items. Monkeys were trained to remember two items presented sequentially at the fovea, and to release a lever when a matching sequence was seen. In this firs ...
... To address the questions we have outlined above, we designed an experiment to study the mechanism that the brain employs to represent multiple items. Monkeys were trained to remember two items presented sequentially at the fovea, and to release a lever when a matching sequence was seen. In this firs ...
Cerebral Cortex July 2009;19:1539--1548 doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn191 Advance Access publication November 2, 2008
... participants may not have been able to fully remember or imagine a certain event in the time allotted, they were instructed to let those events out of mind and to focus all their attention on the following trial. However, this was not expected to occur (and in fact did not, as reported by participan ...
... participants may not have been able to fully remember or imagine a certain event in the time allotted, they were instructed to let those events out of mind and to focus all their attention on the following trial. However, this was not expected to occur (and in fact did not, as reported by participan ...
Implicit Memory for New Associations: An
... shown, redintegration depends on having enough of the original stimulus pattern available to generate data-driven operations similar to those that were applied during the first encoding of the word pair, yielding modality-specific effects in this paradigm. In addition, we suggest that this activity ...
... shown, redintegration depends on having enough of the original stimulus pattern available to generate data-driven operations similar to those that were applied during the first encoding of the word pair, yielding modality-specific effects in this paradigm. In addition, we suggest that this activity ...