How Do We Know That We Know? The Accessibility Model
... Schwartz & Metcalfe, 1992). A comprehensive review of possible mechanisms underlying FOK judgments was provided by Nelson et al, (1984; see also Krinsky & Nelson, 1985). Question 3 involves relating accuracy to process: An adequate process model of FOK must not only specify the determinants of FOK j ...
... Schwartz & Metcalfe, 1992). A comprehensive review of possible mechanisms underlying FOK judgments was provided by Nelson et al, (1984; see also Krinsky & Nelson, 1985). Question 3 involves relating accuracy to process: An adequate process model of FOK must not only specify the determinants of FOK j ...
Changes in Resting-State Functional Connectivity Following Delay
... The development of non-invasive methods of functional imaging has led to a better understanding of the neural processes that occur in humans while they are forming or using a memory. However, these advancements led to studies that have primarily focused on the neural activity evoked by stimuli prese ...
... The development of non-invasive methods of functional imaging has led to a better understanding of the neural processes that occur in humans while they are forming or using a memory. However, these advancements led to studies that have primarily focused on the neural activity evoked by stimuli prese ...
Hebb repetition learning 1 VISUAL AND PHONOLOGICAL HEBB
... visually presented materials is blocked by CA. While it is true, therefore, that the loop seems the component of choice for ISR, resulting in generally higher levels of recall, other reasonably effective systems must exist. Whatever these systems are doing when access to the loop is denied, the gene ...
... visually presented materials is blocked by CA. While it is true, therefore, that the loop seems the component of choice for ISR, resulting in generally higher levels of recall, other reasonably effective systems must exist. Whatever these systems are doing when access to the loop is denied, the gene ...
Memory
... – Decision making (about the future, friends, education, relationships, etc.) increases in adolescence. – Older adolescents are more competent than younger adolescents, who are more competent than children. – Adolescents generate more options, use multiple perspectives, anticipate consequences, and ...
... – Decision making (about the future, friends, education, relationships, etc.) increases in adolescence. – Older adolescents are more competent than younger adolescents, who are more competent than children. – Adolescents generate more options, use multiple perspectives, anticipate consequences, and ...
Memory, aging and external memory aids
... The first is the traditional view that sees memory as an internal structure of the brain. The second is the situated and distributed view which sees remembering as manifested, and something that should be modelled as distributed across humans and world. In relation to the main objective I will pose ...
... The first is the traditional view that sees memory as an internal structure of the brain. The second is the situated and distributed view which sees remembering as manifested, and something that should be modelled as distributed across humans and world. In relation to the main objective I will pose ...
Optimal Recall from Bounded Metaplastic Synapses: Predicting
... both the synaptic plasticity rules storing information in the circuit and the dynamics of the network at recall. First, at the level of memory storage, one powerful, yet biologically untenable, simplification made by most existing models [4,8–10,14] is the use of additive learning rules, whereby the ...
... both the synaptic plasticity rules storing information in the circuit and the dynamics of the network at recall. First, at the level of memory storage, one powerful, yet biologically untenable, simplification made by most existing models [4,8–10,14] is the use of additive learning rules, whereby the ...
A Gentle Introduction to Soar, an Architecture for Human
... perceive and act on the world are limited, the world we perceive and act on is not a simple one. There are a huge number of objects, qualities of objects, actions, and so on, any of which may be key to understanding how to achieve our goals. Think about what features of the environment you respond t ...
... perceive and act on the world are limited, the world we perceive and act on is not a simple one. There are a huge number of objects, qualities of objects, actions, and so on, any of which may be key to understanding how to achieve our goals. Think about what features of the environment you respond t ...
The impact of iconic gestures on foreign language word learning
... effects [Bernardis et al., 2008; Holle and Gunter, 2007; Reynolds et al., 2004]. We therefore wanted to avoid this. Hence, we deliberately chose gestures that did not convey any meaning and could not be associated with the words they accompanied. Participants were cued to stretch their arms in front ...
... effects [Bernardis et al., 2008; Holle and Gunter, 2007; Reynolds et al., 2004]. We therefore wanted to avoid this. Hence, we deliberately chose gestures that did not convey any meaning and could not be associated with the words they accompanied. Participants were cued to stretch their arms in front ...
The role of test structure in creating false memories
... was manipulated in such a way that the critical lure was presented after 0, 3, or 6 list items. No difference in false memory was found with this testing manipulation. Anastasi et al. used a similar methodology in three of their experiments, presenting 2, 4, or 8 studied list items before the critic ...
... was manipulated in such a way that the critical lure was presented after 0, 3, or 6 list items. No difference in false memory was found with this testing manipulation. Anastasi et al. used a similar methodology in three of their experiments, presenting 2, 4, or 8 studied list items before the critic ...
Testing Promotes Long-Term Learning via Stabilizing Activation
... (BA 45/46), the left precuneus (BA 39) and the bilateral superior parietal lobule (BA 7). These results were considered to be evidence that repeated testing reduces cognitive control demands during future episodic retrieval by making the cue-target link easier to process (Kuhl et al. 2007). Further ...
... (BA 45/46), the left precuneus (BA 39) and the bilateral superior parietal lobule (BA 7). These results were considered to be evidence that repeated testing reduces cognitive control demands during future episodic retrieval by making the cue-target link easier to process (Kuhl et al. 2007). Further ...
Blockade of Central Cholinergic Receptors Impairs New Learning and
... pair is prevented, allowing more selective activity in response to the sensory input of the word holster. Middle: In this case, Hebbian synaptic modification strengthens only the desired connections within the network. Right: During retrieval, presentation of the word leather in the second behaviora ...
... pair is prevented, allowing more selective activity in response to the sensory input of the word holster. Middle: In this case, Hebbian synaptic modification strengthens only the desired connections within the network. Right: During retrieval, presentation of the word leather in the second behaviora ...
Blockade of Central Cholinergic Receptors Impairs New Learning
... pair is prevented, allowing more selective activity in response to the sensory input of the word holster. Middle: In this case, Hebbian synaptic modification strengthens only the desired connections within the network. Right: During retrieval, presentation of the word leather in the second behaviora ...
... pair is prevented, allowing more selective activity in response to the sensory input of the word holster. Middle: In this case, Hebbian synaptic modification strengthens only the desired connections within the network. Right: During retrieval, presentation of the word leather in the second behaviora ...
Conceptual combination - City, University of London
... proposal clearly has face validity -- there is little doubt that much of our knowledge is heavily dependent on a range of individual remembered experiences. However it can not work as a complete account, since an exemplar only becomes relevant to a situation when it is analysed. One can only categor ...
... proposal clearly has face validity -- there is little doubt that much of our knowledge is heavily dependent on a range of individual remembered experiences. However it can not work as a complete account, since an exemplar only becomes relevant to a situation when it is analysed. One can only categor ...
The Role of analogy in cognitive science
... an interesting challenge for artificial intelligence[1]. The concept of analogy requires some ability to perceive likeness between dissimilar objects/abstractions in different domains and extrapolate a relationship for other situations. As such, analogies may cover a wide array of concepts, and may ...
... an interesting challenge for artificial intelligence[1]. The concept of analogy requires some ability to perceive likeness between dissimilar objects/abstractions in different domains and extrapolate a relationship for other situations. As such, analogies may cover a wide array of concepts, and may ...
Matlin, Cognition, 7e, Chapter 8: General Knowledge
... 2. A network contains basic neuron-like units or nodes, which are connected together so that a specific node has many links to other nodes (hence the alternate name for the theory: connectionism). PDP theorists argue that most cognitive processes can be explained by the activation of these networks. ...
... 2. A network contains basic neuron-like units or nodes, which are connected together so that a specific node has many links to other nodes (hence the alternate name for the theory: connectionism). PDP theorists argue that most cognitive processes can be explained by the activation of these networks. ...
Cerebral Cortex July 2009;19:1539--1548 doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn191 Advance Access publication November 2, 2008
... for 500 ms. It was explained to participants that the orienting cues would appear in random order and that they should be prepared to switch their mode of thought at any time. On the occasion that participants may not have been able to fully remember or imagine a certain event in the time allotted, ...
... for 500 ms. It was explained to participants that the orienting cues would appear in random order and that they should be prepared to switch their mode of thought at any time. On the occasion that participants may not have been able to fully remember or imagine a certain event in the time allotted, ...
Consolidation
... learning phase of the experiment when the rats stepped down onto the grid they were given foot shocks. The first group of rats was simply given the foot shocks. The second group had subgroups that also received ECSs at intervals of 0.5, 2, 5, 10, or 30 seconds after the foot shock depending on the s ...
... learning phase of the experiment when the rats stepped down onto the grid they were given foot shocks. The first group of rats was simply given the foot shocks. The second group had subgroups that also received ECSs at intervals of 0.5, 2, 5, 10, or 30 seconds after the foot shock depending on the s ...
Emotional Arousal and Memory Binding
... memory binding and explain these contradictory findings using an object-based framework. According to this framework, emotionally arousing objects attract attention that enhances binding of their constituent features. In contrast, the emotional arousal associated with one object either impairs or ha ...
... memory binding and explain these contradictory findings using an object-based framework. According to this framework, emotionally arousing objects attract attention that enhances binding of their constituent features. In contrast, the emotional arousal associated with one object either impairs or ha ...
More is Better: The Effects of Multiple Repetitions on Implicit Memory
... intuition behind this speculation is that, depending on how memory is tested, all the words presented in an experimental setting whether presented one time or many might be near the ceiling of availability (where availability is some function of activation). After some delay, however, words presente ...
... intuition behind this speculation is that, depending on how memory is tested, all the words presented in an experimental setting whether presented one time or many might be near the ceiling of availability (where availability is some function of activation). After some delay, however, words presente ...
Phonological similarity and the irrelevant speech
... sounds which presumably may be identified by the listener as words or possibly longer prosodic units such as phrases and sentences. When irrelevant speech is present, a different set of items and their associated order cues also enter the memory store. Memory disruption is attributed to the confusio ...
... sounds which presumably may be identified by the listener as words or possibly longer prosodic units such as phrases and sentences. When irrelevant speech is present, a different set of items and their associated order cues also enter the memory store. Memory disruption is attributed to the confusio ...
Eichenbaum et al., 2012a, #15 - Fortin Lab @ UCI
... the reward amount relatively large, then rats were biased to dig in the target cup, that is, to emit a “new” response. This bias condition is equivalent to a conservative criterion for the “old” response in humans and results in lower hit and false alarm rates. Results across several studies showed ...
... the reward amount relatively large, then rats were biased to dig in the target cup, that is, to emit a “new” response. This bias condition is equivalent to a conservative criterion for the “old” response in humans and results in lower hit and false alarm rates. Results across several studies showed ...
in search of memory traces
... for the storage of memories (see Shors & Matzel 1997, Wilson & Tonegawa ...
... for the storage of memories (see Shors & Matzel 1997, Wilson & Tonegawa ...
Implicit Memory for New Associations: An
... are concerned with the issues of how unitized representations are formed and how they are redintegrated during a test. The formation of unitized representations that influence implicit memory for new associations appears to depend on semantic elaboration. In all of the experiments described in the l ...
... are concerned with the issues of how unitized representations are formed and how they are redintegrated during a test. The formation of unitized representations that influence implicit memory for new associations appears to depend on semantic elaboration. In all of the experiments described in the l ...
pdf
... example, the upcoming Christmas party at school) and when it took place (for example, Wednesday afternoon). An important aspect of memory formation is the convergence of such separate elements onto a conjunctive representation1,2. This convergence of information is crucial not only for simple associ ...
... example, the upcoming Christmas party at school) and when it took place (for example, Wednesday afternoon). An important aspect of memory formation is the convergence of such separate elements onto a conjunctive representation1,2. This convergence of information is crucial not only for simple associ ...