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Power Shifts Track Serial Position and Modulate Encoding in
Power Shifts Track Serial Position and Modulate Encoding in

... Age, gender, and handedness are described. Hemispheric lateralization determination by Wada or fMRI was not performed on all participants; in those that did undergo one of these procedures, all but 2 exhibited language dominance in the left hemisphere. Electrode coverage is presented by the region: ...
The Status of Semantic and Episodic Memory in Amnesia
The Status of Semantic and Episodic Memory in Amnesia

... knowledge. However, this knowledge tended to be rigid and inflexible, showing no characteristics of declarative memory. There have been demonstrations of semantic learning in amnesia, however, in which the semantic learning appears to reflect declarative memory. For example, H.M performs well above ...
The Influence of Odor and Emotion on Memory
The Influence of Odor and Emotion on Memory

... relationship between the three, the purpose of the present study was to determine how these three systems interact. In essence, what influence do odor and emotion have on memory? Based off of previous research, this study hypothesized that odor would stimulate memory and emotion would be secondary. ...
Strong items get suppressed, weak items do not: The role of item
Strong items get suppressed, weak items do not: The role of item

... & Schmidt, 1980; Smith, 1971). On the one hand, the present results confirm this finding from previous studies, showing that high-frequency members of categories are impaired by the prior recall of items associated to the same category cue. On the other hand, however, the results demonstrate that su ...
Creating associative memory distortions
Creating associative memory distortions

... into Polish by two independent translators. All discrepancies in the translation were discussed and one form of translation was chosen. Next, the participants were asked to write down their first association for each word. After that association the frequency ranking for each word was prepared. If d ...
What creates a valuable cue? The underestimated importance of a
What creates a valuable cue? The underestimated importance of a

... Processing (TAP), argues that memories can be defined by the cognitive operations or activity engaged during the initial creation of that memory. Retrieval is facilitated when the earlier cognitive operations are reactivated (Morris et al., 1977). Neuropsychological models states that TAP is a by-pr ...
Chib et al., 2009 - Rangel Neuroeconomics Laboratory
Chib et al., 2009 - Rangel Neuroeconomics Laboratory

Specialized Neurons, Their Characteristics And
Specialized Neurons, Their Characteristics And

... It is useful to think of sensory information as being imposed on short-term memory. The contents of short-term memory can be assumed to alternate between images from the senses, and associative recalls from long-term memory. In this way a person is quickly aware of physical danger, for example, base ...
Predictive, interactive multiple memory systems
Predictive, interactive multiple memory systems

... not (familiarity) that memory includes details of the episodic context surrounding that exposure. Experimental assay of recollection and familiarity includes objective tests of aspects of that prior context (or ‘‘source memory’’; Johnson et al., 1993) or subjective judgments of context retrieval (su ...
A neural support vector machine
A neural support vector machine

... a real-valued input vector and y ∈ {+1, −1} indicates the correct classification. Bold letters signify vector quantities. The training examples are presented in a batch or more realistically one-by-one in online learning. Support vector machines (SVMs) (see Cristianini & ShaweTaylor, 2000; Schölkopf ...
NOBA Memory (Encoding, Storage, Retrieval)
NOBA Memory (Encoding, Storage, Retrieval)

... are exposed to. However, recoding can add information that was not even seen or heard during the initial encoding phase. Several of the recoding processes, like forming associations between memories, can happen without our awareness. This is one reason people can sometimes remember events that did n ...
Spikes not slots: noise in neural populations limits
Spikes not slots: noise in neural populations limits

... time; once this limit is reached, further items cannot enter memory [5–7]. These models draw support from theoretical studies of synchronised neural activity [8,9] and imaging studies claiming to show plateaus in the activation function at a particular number [10,11] (see [3] for a critical review). ...
22 - Purdue Psychological Sciences
22 - Purdue Psychological Sciences

... Many types of memory improve with sleep ...
Report Decoding Individual Episodic Memory Traces in the Human
Report Decoding Individual Episodic Memory Traces in the Human

... individual episodic memory in terms of the activity of the many thousands of hippocampal neurons that support it remains a substantial challenge [3, 14], complicated further by the possibility that episodic memories might be uniquely human [4]. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) techniques applied ...
Psychology of Learning - Lehrstuhl für Pädagogik
Psychology of Learning - Lehrstuhl für Pädagogik

... information quickly writes over (masks) the old, a process sometimes described as ‘interference’. Attended information is not only protected from interference, it is processed by higher-level mechanisms that figure out what it means. For instance, information in the SM might indicate a bright red ob ...
Are all declarative memories false memories?
Are all declarative memories false memories?

... Misattributions: Misattributions are instances when memory is attributed to a wrong source. They are therefore also called source-monitoring errors. Three variations of source-monitoring can occur: external, internal and reality (for a review see: Johnson et al., 1993). In case of external misattrib ...
Brain networks underlying episodic memory retrieval
Brain networks underlying episodic memory retrieval

... A general recollection network? As it was just reviewed, recollection-sensitive fMRI effects have consistently been identified in the hippocampus, parahippocampal, retrosplenial/posterior cingulate and lateral parietal cortices, and mPFC (Figure 2). The robustness of these effects in the face of wid ...
Chapter 8: Conclusions
Chapter 8: Conclusions

... are rehearsals of items that are retrieved during the study of later items, and tend to improve judgements of their relative order. This is problematic for positional models, in which displaced rehearsals will, if anything, recode the retrieved and studied items in adjacent positions, and hence impa ...
Suppressing Unwanted Memories
Suppressing Unwanted Memories

... cingulate cortex. This network overlaps strongly with the one involved in motor inhibition tasks (such as go/no-go), even though no motor responses were required. The lateral prefrontal cortex, in particular, plays a critical role in stopping reflexive motor responses (e.g., Aron, Fletcher, Bullmore ...
Ch. 10: Technology and Learning
Ch. 10: Technology and Learning

... Learning Environments Virtual Learning Environments ...
Ch05
Ch05

... Caption: Results of an experiment showing the response of neurons in the monkey’s PF cortex during an attentional task. Neural responding is indicated by an asterisk (*). (a) A cue square is flashed at a particular position, causing the neuron to respond. (b) The square goes off , but the neuron co ...
Ch05aaa
Ch05aaa

... Caption: Results of an experiment showing the response of neurons in the monkey’s PF cortex during an attentional task. Neural responding is indicated by an asterisk (*). (a) A cue square is flashed at a particular position, causing the neuron to respond. (b) The square goes off , but the neuron co ...
McGraw-Hill AccessScience: Information processing (psychology)
McGraw-Hill AccessScience: Information processing (psychology)

... of vertical associations in the two directions is logically opposite, it seems likely that these associations are represented in the mind (brain) by structurally dissimilar types of links that function somewhat differently when information is retrieved from a person's memory. Many theories of associ ...
What is spatial memory? Short-term spatial memory Spatial working
What is spatial memory? Short-term spatial memory Spatial working

... cognitive process that enables a person to remember different locations as well as spatial relations between objects. This allows one to remember where an object is in relation to another object, for instance, allowing someone to navigate through a familiar city. Spatial memories are said to form af ...
331CognitionWhatIsIt
331CognitionWhatIsIt

... anger, fear, surprise, disgust) were judged correctly by Americans Japanese South Americans Two New Guinea groups (Dani and Fore) Cultural differences were found in Extension factors: 1. Organization of categories into superordinated categories 2. Category boundaries 3. Classification of blended emo ...
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Multiple trace theory

Multiple Trace Theory (MTT) is a memory consolidation model advanced as an alternative model to strength theory. It posits that each time some information is presented to a person, it is neurally encoded in a unique memory trace composed of a combination of its attributes. Further support for this theory came in the 1960s from empirical findings that people could remember specific attributes about an object without remembering the object itself. The mode in which the information is presented and subsequently encoded can be flexibly incorporated into the model. This memory trace is unique from all others resembling it due to differences in some aspects of the item's attributes, and all memory traces incorporated since birth are combined into a multiple-trace representation in the brain. In memory research, a mathematical formulation of this theory can successfully explain empirical phenomena observed in recognition and recall tasks.
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