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Carla Grobler Arbeidsterapeut Occupational Therapist Pr No. 0660000080136 Elturion Christian School 256 Tipperary road Hennopspark Centurion 084 581 0644 [email protected] www.carlagrobler.co.za ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What is vestibular dysfunction? We need a properly working vestibular system for: o Movement reactions o Motion tolerance o Motor control o Postural alignment o Balance o Vision How does the inner ear work? Utricle and saccule - detect gravity and linear movement Semicircular canals - detect rotational head movement Poor vestibular functioning could lead to: o Poor muscle tone o Gravitational insecurity impaired gross motor and fine motor coordination poor emotional security feels vulnerable in unpredictable social circumstances o Movement that lack fluidity, accuracy and proper timing o Poor ability to follow moving objects o Poor balance o Under-reactive vestibular system Tolerate enormous amounts of movement Poor bilateral integration Confuses left/right/directions/instructions o Over-reactive vestibular system Gravitational insecure: doesn’t play on jungle-gyms, swings, etc. Movement makes him uncomfortable Signs and symptoms of vestibular dysfunction o Dizziness o Visual acuity problems o Poor spatial relationships: skipping words/letters when reading and/or having a disorganized writing style o Nystagmus (involuntary, alternating, rapid and slow eye movements) o Difficulty walking in the dark o Hearing loss o Tinnitus (ringing in the ears) o Motion sickness o Avoids or craves movement o Abnormal movement patterns and/or unsteady gait and/or clumsiness and/or poor posture o Headaches o Developmental delay e.g. slower achievement of riding a bike, swimming, hopping, et.c o Difficulty maintaining attention o Watching things spin or spinning himself o Inability to read or write cursive o Decrease auditory processing o Inability to listen to music without moving/rocking/dancing o Problematic balance e.g. climbing stairs and walking on uneven surfaces Causes o Chronic ear infections o Congenital hearing loss o Viral infections o Malformations due to genetic conditions o Genetic disorders o Reduced oxygen at birth o Stroke o Meningitis o Neurological disorders o Alcohol or drug abuse of the mom during the pregnancy o Immune-deficiency disorders o Metabolic disorders o Vascular insufficiencies (lack of blood flow) o Head-neck trauma References www.vestibular.org www.nspt4kids.com www.tsbvi.edu