How Do We Know That We Know? The Accessibility Model
... FOK judgments in a discrete form, distinguishing between "positive" and "negative" FOK judgments, as if each refers to a different, discrete "memory state" (see Koriat & Goldsmith, 1993b). The second approach posits that FOK judgments must be computed. The assumption is that subjects have no way of ...
... FOK judgments in a discrete form, distinguishing between "positive" and "negative" FOK judgments, as if each refers to a different, discrete "memory state" (see Koriat & Goldsmith, 1993b). The second approach posits that FOK judgments must be computed. The assumption is that subjects have no way of ...
IMAGERY PERSPECTIVE AND MEMORY RECALL 1 Accepted for
... which is more in line with adopting an observer perspective (Kross et al., 2005). It has been argued that self-distancing can facilitate more adaptive forms of self-reflection (Kross & Ayduk, 2011). Taking a self-distanced perspective on negative or stressful events has shown to decrease emotional i ...
... which is more in line with adopting an observer perspective (Kross et al., 2005). It has been argued that self-distancing can facilitate more adaptive forms of self-reflection (Kross & Ayduk, 2011). Taking a self-distanced perspective on negative or stressful events has shown to decrease emotional i ...
Scrambling and Processing: Dependencies
... 1990; Lee, 1993; Tada, 1993; Haider, 1994; Miyagawa, 1997; Bošković and Takahashi, 1998, among others) compete with each other without clear theoretical support for any single theory. This is just the right kind of setting to look for psycholinguistic arguments that may be consistent with one or the ...
... 1990; Lee, 1993; Tada, 1993; Haider, 1994; Miyagawa, 1997; Bošković and Takahashi, 1998, among others) compete with each other without clear theoretical support for any single theory. This is just the right kind of setting to look for psycholinguistic arguments that may be consistent with one or the ...
Strong items get suppressed, weak items do not: The role of item
... should suffer from retrieval-induced impairment. Indeed, since the recall of items is assumed to increase these items’ associations to the common cue, the likelihood of recall of the still-to-be-remembered items should be relatively decreased. The experimental results, however, indicate that only it ...
... should suffer from retrieval-induced impairment. Indeed, since the recall of items is assumed to increase these items’ associations to the common cue, the likelihood of recall of the still-to-be-remembered items should be relatively decreased. The experimental results, however, indicate that only it ...
Isolated Retrograde Amnesia
... event is mediated and by this process multiple traces are formed over time. Nadel and Moscovitch (1997) proposed that older memories require more memory traces compared with recent memories and that successful retrieval is facilitated by a higher quantity of memory traces. Moreover, they assumed tha ...
... event is mediated and by this process multiple traces are formed over time. Nadel and Moscovitch (1997) proposed that older memories require more memory traces compared with recent memories and that successful retrieval is facilitated by a higher quantity of memory traces. Moreover, they assumed tha ...
The role of test structure in creating false memories
... Seamon et al. (2002), however, found that false memories did not increase over time; rather, they were more resistant to decay than accurate memories. Thus, it appears that false memory for the critical lure in the DRM paradigm can be enhanced or at least maintained by testing factors such as the nu ...
... Seamon et al. (2002), however, found that false memories did not increase over time; rather, they were more resistant to decay than accurate memories. Thus, it appears that false memory for the critical lure in the DRM paradigm can be enhanced or at least maintained by testing factors such as the nu ...
do simultaneously presented visual and auditory
... information are presented simultaneously while watching TV, the consequences may not be serious. However, if we are exposed to multiple stimuli (information) in different modalities while attending important meetings, conferences, or classes, we might try to attend to both auditory and visual stimul ...
... information are presented simultaneously while watching TV, the consequences may not be serious. However, if we are exposed to multiple stimuli (information) in different modalities while attending important meetings, conferences, or classes, we might try to attend to both auditory and visual stimul ...
Laminar Cortical Dynamics of Cognitive and Motor Working Memory
... types of data and theoretical constraints: behavioral and neuroimaging data about cognitive information processing in humans; behavioral and neurobiological data about sensory-motor storage and performance of sequential actions in monkeys; anatomical data about the laminar prefrontal cortex; non-lam ...
... types of data and theoretical constraints: behavioral and neuroimaging data about cognitive information processing in humans; behavioral and neurobiological data about sensory-motor storage and performance of sequential actions in monkeys; anatomical data about the laminar prefrontal cortex; non-lam ...
Memory
... – Children’s information is characterized by selfmodification: Children learn to use what they have learned in previous circumstances to adapt their responses to new situations. • Metacognition: Cognition about cognition, or “knowing about knowing.” • Siegler: Children play an active role in their c ...
... – Children’s information is characterized by selfmodification: Children learn to use what they have learned in previous circumstances to adapt their responses to new situations. • Metacognition: Cognition about cognition, or “knowing about knowing.” • Siegler: Children play an active role in their c ...
The impact of iconic gestures on foreign language word learning
... Abstract: Vocabulary acquisition represents a major challenge in foreign language learning. Research has demonstrated that gestures accompanying speech have an impact on memory for verbal information in the speakers’ mother tongue and, as recently shown, also in foreign language learning. However, t ...
... Abstract: Vocabulary acquisition represents a major challenge in foreign language learning. Research has demonstrated that gestures accompanying speech have an impact on memory for verbal information in the speakers’ mother tongue and, as recently shown, also in foreign language learning. However, t ...
Phonological similarity and the irrelevant speech
... intra-list phonological similarity and in the number of items in the list. Sequences of similar letters were assumed to be harder to recall accurately (the phonological similarity effect), because the remembered items had fewer distinguishing phonological features, and hence were more vulnerable to ...
... intra-list phonological similarity and in the number of items in the list. Sequences of similar letters were assumed to be harder to recall accurately (the phonological similarity effect), because the remembered items had fewer distinguishing phonological features, and hence were more vulnerable to ...
Updating verbal and visuospatial working memory: Are the
... passive phonological short-term store. Another study used position emission tomography (PET) to investigate the cortical regions for the maintenance of spatial versus phonological information in working memory[18]. They found that bilateral anterior and posterior intraparietal sulcus, as well as rig ...
... passive phonological short-term store. Another study used position emission tomography (PET) to investigate the cortical regions for the maintenance of spatial versus phonological information in working memory[18]. They found that bilateral anterior and posterior intraparietal sulcus, as well as rig ...
Memory, aging and external memory aids
... findings suggest that there is some truth to these three functions but the fact that they positively correlate to each other suggests that a given task generally involve all three (Eysenck & Keane, 2010). Eysenck & Keane (2010) note that a function not involved in these three is dual tasking. It ...
... findings suggest that there is some truth to these three functions but the fact that they positively correlate to each other suggests that a given task generally involve all three (Eysenck & Keane, 2010). Eysenck & Keane (2010) note that a function not involved in these three is dual tasking. It ...
Blockade of Central Cholinergic Receptors Impairs New Learning
... phenomena such as the recency component of a serial position curve (Crow & Grove-White, 1973; Frith et al., 1984) and digit span (Beatty et al., 1986; Drachman, 1978) are also spared. Recently, studies have shown that scopolamine may impact recognition memory processes by affecting both recollection ...
... phenomena such as the recency component of a serial position curve (Crow & Grove-White, 1973; Frith et al., 1984) and digit span (Beatty et al., 1986; Drachman, 1978) are also spared. Recently, studies have shown that scopolamine may impact recognition memory processes by affecting both recollection ...
Blockade of Central Cholinergic Receptors Impairs New Learning and
... phenomena such as the recency component of a serial position curve (Crow & Grove-White, 1973; Frith et al., 1984) and digit span (Beatty et al., 1986; Drachman, 1978) are also spared. Recently, studies have shown that scopolamine may impact recognition memory processes by affecting both recollection ...
... phenomena such as the recency component of a serial position curve (Crow & Grove-White, 1973; Frith et al., 1984) and digit span (Beatty et al., 1986; Drachman, 1978) are also spared. Recently, studies have shown that scopolamine may impact recognition memory processes by affecting both recollection ...
Full PDF
... have been proposed by a number of other investigators, such as those who are quoted in Fig. 2. Although they have concluded that the hypocretinergic system plays a key role in certain aspects of survival behaviors, the data have not been organized in a manner that allows one to examine the comprehen ...
... have been proposed by a number of other investigators, such as those who are quoted in Fig. 2. Although they have concluded that the hypocretinergic system plays a key role in certain aspects of survival behaviors, the data have not been organized in a manner that allows one to examine the comprehen ...
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
... rather to provide a framework within which the specific functions of each system can be studied. Theories of memory are often confined to ideas about how information is stored in the brain or about how knowledge is organized as a cognitive process; the present approach also considers the functions o ...
... rather to provide a framework within which the specific functions of each system can be studied. Theories of memory are often confined to ideas about how information is stored in the brain or about how knowledge is organized as a cognitive process; the present approach also considers the functions o ...
Hippocampal contributions to language
... and listened to short stories. The amount of time participants spent looking at the characters after a pronoun reference was recorded. Healthy comparisons and BDC participants preferentially targeted the first mentioned character while participants with hippocampal damage did not to the same degree, ...
... and listened to short stories. The amount of time participants spent looking at the characters after a pronoun reference was recorded. Healthy comparisons and BDC participants preferentially targeted the first mentioned character while participants with hippocampal damage did not to the same degree, ...
Psych 1 Test 3
... c) sensory adaptation, survival, and consistency d) unfamiliar, changing, or high-intensity stimuli ____ 34. What is the correct ordering of the processes of memory? a) storage, encoding, and retrieval c) encoding, storage, and retrieval b) retrieval, storage, and encoding d) encoding, retrieval, an ...
... c) sensory adaptation, survival, and consistency d) unfamiliar, changing, or high-intensity stimuli ____ 34. What is the correct ordering of the processes of memory? a) storage, encoding, and retrieval c) encoding, storage, and retrieval b) retrieval, storage, and encoding d) encoding, retrieval, an ...
Language repetition and short-term memory: an integrative
... observed outside the ventral and dorsal language processing pathways, and involved the superior parietal cortex, the intraparietal sulcus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the left hemisphere; activations in the language network were observed, with specific recruitment of regions of the dors ...
... observed outside the ventral and dorsal language processing pathways, and involved the superior parietal cortex, the intraparietal sulcus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the left hemisphere; activations in the language network were observed, with specific recruitment of regions of the dors ...
Memory Consolidation and REM Sleep
... Replaying memories over in our heads is the nature of dreams during REM sleep. Opponents of this theory often wonder why don't we remember our dreams if dreaming is involved in memory? The answer is that dreaming acts as the short-term unconscious mechanism by which memories may be delivered to the ...
... Replaying memories over in our heads is the nature of dreams during REM sleep. Opponents of this theory often wonder why don't we remember our dreams if dreaming is involved in memory? The answer is that dreaming acts as the short-term unconscious mechanism by which memories may be delivered to the ...
Cerebral Cortex July 2009;19:1539--1548 doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn191 Advance Access publication November 2, 2008
... use of these unfamiliar contextual cues was highly effective. On the basis of an informal posttest questionnaire, only 2 participants reported ever having been physically present within any one of these unfamiliar contexts. These 2 specific trials were excluded from analysis, ensuring that all unfami ...
... use of these unfamiliar contextual cues was highly effective. On the basis of an informal posttest questionnaire, only 2 participants reported ever having been physically present within any one of these unfamiliar contexts. These 2 specific trials were excluded from analysis, ensuring that all unfami ...
Matlin, Cognition, 7e, Chapter 8: General Knowledge
... • can account for typicality effect, but research does not support the idea that category membership is based on a list of necessary features • feature comparison model assumes that individual features are independent of one another, however many features are correlated • feature comparison model do ...
... • can account for typicality effect, but research does not support the idea that category membership is based on a list of necessary features • feature comparison model assumes that individual features are independent of one another, however many features are correlated • feature comparison model do ...
Testing Promotes Long-Term Learning via Stabilizing Activation
... (BA 45/46), the left precuneus (BA 39) and the bilateral superior parietal lobule (BA 7). These results were considered to be evidence that repeated testing reduces cognitive control demands during future episodic retrieval by making the cue-target link easier to process (Kuhl et al. 2007). Further ...
... (BA 45/46), the left precuneus (BA 39) and the bilateral superior parietal lobule (BA 7). These results were considered to be evidence that repeated testing reduces cognitive control demands during future episodic retrieval by making the cue-target link easier to process (Kuhl et al. 2007). Further ...
Effect of Negative Emotional Content on Working Memory and Long
... specific focusing of attention on the stimulus dimensions that convey the emotion salience. In other words, attention is likely focused on the emotionrelevant stimulus dimensions and diverted from the other stimulus dimensions. This biasing of attention is proposed to account for a number of experim ...
... specific focusing of attention on the stimulus dimensions that convey the emotion salience. In other words, attention is likely focused on the emotionrelevant stimulus dimensions and diverted from the other stimulus dimensions. This biasing of attention is proposed to account for a number of experim ...
Adaptive memory
Adaptive memory is the study of memory systems that have evolved to help retain survival- and fitness-related information. One key element of adaptive memory research is the notion that memory evolved to help survival by better retaining information that is fitness-relevant. One of the foundations of this method of studying memory is the relatively little adaptive value of a memory system that evolved merely to remember past events. Memory systems, it is argued, must use the past in some service of the present or the planning of the future. Another assumption under this model is that the evolved memory mechanisms are likely to be domain-specific, or sensitive to certain types of information. Additionally, it is argued that mechanisms for memory should be geared toward helping an organism enhance its reproductive fitness and chances of surviving.