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Transcript
The Human Nervous System maintains homeostasis by: a) controlling and coordinating life activities b) responding to changes in the internal and external environment Neurons (nerve cells): transmit impulses (electrical messages) through the nervous system 1. Structure of a Neuron 1. Cell body: contains nucleus, cell organelles; site of metabolic activities 2. Nucleus 3. Dendrite: receives impulses from other neurons and carries them toward the cell body 4. Axon: carries impulses away from the cell body 5. Schwann cell nucleus 6. Schwann cell: surrounds the axon; produces the myelin sheath 7. node of Ranvier: gap between neighboring Schwann cells 8. Myelin sheath: insulation that increases the speed at which the impulse can travel 9. Terminal branches 10. Synaptic knobs: releases chemicals called neurotransmitters into the synapse Synapse: small gap between two successive neurons ***Neurotransmitters are used to transmit an impulse from the axon of one neuron to the dendrites of the next neuron Transmission of impulses is both electrical and chemical in nature Electrical Impulse: Action Potential http://www.ship.edu/%7Ecgboeree/actionpot.html Chemical Message: Neurotransmitters http://www.edumedia-sciences.com/a80_l2-the-synapse.html http://www.wnet.org/closetohome/science/html/animations.html 2. Classification of Neurons (Three Types) a) Sensory neurons: transmit impulses from sensory organs (receptors) to the spinal cord and brain Sensory organs: eyes, ears, nose, mouth, skin b) Motor neurons: transmit impulses from the spinal cord and brain to muscles and glands (effectors) c) Interneurons: connect sensory and motor neurons Nerve: a bundle of neurons http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/flash/bireflexarc.swf Examples of Reflexes Stimulus Response An insect flying towards your eye Blinking A bright light shining in your eye Pupils get smaller A nasty odor Nausea The aroma of your favorite Food Salivation
