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Chapter 6.1
Afferent nerves: sensory transmitters that send impulses from receptors in the skin,_______,
and _______to the central nervous system
Autonomic nervous system: branch of the nervous system that controls _________ body
functions
Cell body: part of an axon that contains a ________
Central nervous system(CNS): the ______ and _______ cord
Dendrites: branches of a neuron that collect _________ and transport them to the cell body
_________ nerves: motor transmitters that carry impulses from the central nervous system out to
the muscles and glands
Myelin sheath: the fatty bands of _________ surrounding axon fibers
Neurilemma: the thin, membranous sheath enveloping a ______ ______
Neuroglia: non-neural tissue that forms the _________ or supporting elements of the CNS; also
known as _______ cells
Nodes of Ranvier: the uninsulated _______ in the myelin sheath of a nerve fiber where the
axon is exposed
Peripheral nervous system(PNS): all parts of the nervous system _________ to the brain and
spinal cord
Somatic nervous system: branch of the nervous system that stimulates the ________ muscles
Synapse: the intersection between a neuron and another neuron, a muscle, a gland, or a sensory
receptor
Organization Of the Nervous System:
________ Glial Cells:
PNS Glial Cells:
Typical Neuron:
The Different Types of ___________:
Summary:
● The two major sections of the nervous system are the CNS(_________ and spinal cord)
and the PNS(cranial nerves, spinal nerves,__________________)
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●
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The autonomic nervous system(___________) and somatic nervous
system(involuntary)both deal with efferent(motor) nerves
A ____________consists of a cell body, dendrites, axon fibers, the myelin sheath, the
neurilemma,the nodes of Ranvier and the synapse
The three different neuron structures are__________,___________, and ____________
neurons
Chapter 6.2 Transmission of Nerve Impulses
Autonomic reflexes: involuntary stimuli transmitted to _______ and ________ muscle
Conductivity: the ability of a neuron to transmit a _____ ______
Depolarized: a condition in which the inside of a cell membrane is more ____________
charged than the outside
Nerve impulse: __________ charge that travels along a nerve fiber when stimulated
Polarized: condition that occurs when the inside of a cell membrane is more ___________
charged than the outside
Reflexes: simple, rapid,_________, programmed responses to stimuli
Refractory period: the time between the completion of the action potential and ____________
______________: the reestablishment of a polarized state in a cell after depolarization
Saltatory conduction: the rapid skipping of an action potential from node to node on ________
neurons
Somatic reflexes: involuntary stimuli transmitted to skeletal muscles from neural ________
Connection Between __________:
Sensory and _______ Neurons:
Summary:
Chapter 6.3
Cerebellum: section of the brain that coordinates ________ _______, including balance
Cerebrum: the ________ part of the brain, consisting of the left and right hemispheres
Diencephalon: area of the brain that includes the epithalamus, thalamus, metathalamus, and
hypothalamus; also known as the ___________
Epithalamus: uppermost portion of the diencephalon, which includes the pineal gland and
regulates ____________ hormones
Fissures: the uniformly positioned, deep ________ in the brain
Frontal lobes: sections of the brain located behind the _________
Hypothalamus: a portion of the diencephalon, which regulates functions such as metabolism,
______________, and blood pressure
Lobes: the name for the four regions of the brain - _________, ___________,___________, and
_____________
Medulla oblongata: the _________ portion of the brainstem, which regulates heart rate, blood
pressure, and breathing, and controls several reflexes
Meninges:
protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
Midbrain: relay station for sensory and motor impulses; located on the _________ end of the
brain stem
Occipital lobes: sections of the brain located behind the parietal lobes; integrate sensory
information from the skin, internal organs,__________, and joints
Parietal lobes: sections of the brain located behind the frontal lobes; integrate sensory
information from the _______, internal organs, muscles, and joints
Pons: the section of the brain that plays a role in regulating _____________
Primary motor cortex: outer region of the brain in the frontal lobes that sends neural impulses
to the __________ muscles
Primary somatic sensory cortex: outer region of the brain in the ___________lobes that
interprets sensory impulses received from the skin, internal organs, muscles, and joints
Spinal cord: column of nervous tissue that extends from the brainstem to the beginning of the
__________region of the spine
Temporal lobes: the most __________ portions of the brain; responsible for speech, hearing,
vision, memory, and emotion
Thalamus: the largest portion of the diencephalon, which communicates sensory and motor
information between the body and the ___________________
____________ View of The Brain:
Lobes of The Brain:
Regions Of Sensory _________ and Output:
_____________ View Of the Brain Stem:
Functions Of The Brain:
Summary:
●
●
●
The four regions of the brain are the cerebrum,____________, brain stem, and
cerebellum
Within the cerebrum are the different lobes of the brain: frontal, parietal,__________,
and temporal
The brain stem includes the______________, the pons, and the medulla oblongata
Chapter 6.4
Cranial nerves: __ pairs of nerves that originate in the brain and relay impulses to and from the
PNS
Craniosacral division: the _____________ nervous system, in which nerves originate in the
brain stem or sacral region of the spinal cord
Dorsal ramus: the division of __________ spinal nerves that transmit motor impulses to the
posterior _________ muscles and relay sensory impulses from skin of the back
Edoneurium:a delicate, _____________ tissue that surrounds each nerve fiber
Paravertebral ganglia: mass of nerve cell bodies close to the ______________
Perineurium: a ____________ sheath that surrounds a bundle of nerve fibers
Plexuses: complex interconnections of _________
Postganglionic neuron the __________ neuron in a series that transmits impulses from the CNS
Preganglionic neuron: the ___________ neuron in a series that transmits impulses from the
CNS
Spinal Nerve: neural _______________ that branch from the left and right sides of the spinal
cord
Thoracolumbar division: the sympathetic system of nerves that lies near the ________ and
_____________regions of the spine
Ventral ramus:the ____________ division of spinal nerves that communicate with the muscles
and skin of the anterior and lateral trunk
Structure Of Nerve:
Functions Of The Cranial Nerves:
The Cranial nerves:
Spinal Nerve:
Spinal Nerve Plexuses:
Major Nerves:
Chapter 6.5 Injuries and Disorders of the Nervous System
Alzheimer’s disease: condition involving a progressive loss of brain function with major
consequences for_________, thinking, and behavior
Cerebral palsy: a group of nervous system disorders resulting from brain damage before or
during birth, or in_______________
Dementia: a(n) __________ brain disease involving loss of function in two or more areas of
cognition
Epilepsy: a group of brain disorders characterized by repeated ____________ over time
Meningitis: an infection-induced inflammation of the _________ surrounding the brain and
spinal cord
Multiple sclerosis: a chronic, slowly progressive disease of the CNS that destroys the
_________________ of nerve cell axons
Paraplegia: condition characterized by loss of function in the _____________ and legs
Parkinson’s disease: chronic nervous system disease characterized by slowly spreading tremor,
muscular weakness, and __________
Quadriplegia: disorder characterized by loss of function below the __________
Traumatic brain injury: mild or severe
trauma to the head