Download Information Processing SG AK

Cooksey
Information Processing
Study Guide AMSWER KEY
Learning Target #1: I can identify and describe the parts of the nervous system.
The nervous system is like an information highway. It is responsible for controlling and coordinating all
the functions and movements in the body and allows you to respond to changes in your environment
The nervous system is made up of NERVES that are strings of long thin cells called
NEURONS (basic unit of the nervous system).
Describe what makes up the central nervous system:
BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
Describe what makes up the peripheral nervous system:
NERVES
**Sensory nerves (efferent) cell axons conduct impulses from the
periphereal organs to the CNS and the motor nerve (afferent) cell axons conduct impulses from the CNS to the
peripheral organs.
Cooksey
Learning Target #2: I can explain the location and function of brain parts.
What are neurotransmitters? Describe three specific neurotransmitters and how they affect feelings and behavior.
SEROTONIN: MOOD CONTROL; LACK OF SEROTONINCAUSES DEPRESSION
DOPAMINE: MOTOR MOVEMENT AND ALERTNESS; LACK IS ASSOCIATED WITH PARKINSON’S; OVERABUNDANCE IS
ASSOCIATED WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA
ENDORPHINES: PAIN CONTROL
Brain Divisions: What does each part control?
Brainstem: part of the brain that controls involuntary actions such as breathing and heart rate
Cerebellum: part of the brain that controls balance and muscle coordination
Cerebrum: largest part of the brain; controls thinking, personality, the senses, memory (5 LOBES INCLUDED)
**Use handout: A Piece Of Your Mind: Brain Anatomy**
Cooksey
Learning Target #3: I can describe the structure and function of nerves and neurons.
How are the neurons always joined?
Neurons are always joined axon end to dendrite end.
Identify what a synapse is and how two joined neurons overcome a synapse.
A synapse is the gap between two neurons. The nerve impulse travels as an electrical impulse through the neuron.
However, the nerve impulse becomes a chemical impulse as it travels across the synapse.
What is an “impulse”, and in what direction do impulses always travel across a neuron?
The nerve impulse is simply the message that is being sent. A nerve impulse
axon end across a neuron.
always travels from dendrite end to
Distinguish between a sensory, motor, and interneuron.
a) sensory neurons—nerve cells that carry a nerve impulse to the central nervous system
b) motor neurons—nerve cells that carry a nerve impulse away from the central nervous system and
towards the muscle or gland that needs to respond
c) interneurons—nerve cells found only in the brain and spinal cord
Learning Target #4: I can identify and analyze examples of stimulus and response.
What is a stimulus?
FACTOR THAT DETERMINES OR CAUSES CHANGE
What is a response?
FACTOR THAT CHANGES OR RESPONDS TO A STIMULUS
**You will be asked to determine the stimulus and response based on the function of the nervous system.
Cooksey
What is the process by which our body works to maintain temperature, ph (acidity), and oxygen levels?
HOMEOSTASIS
What is a reflex, and why does it occur quickly and automatically?
A reflex is caused by a nerve impulse that bypasses the brain. Bypassing the brain allows the muscle or gland to respond
quickly.
What role does the autonomic nervous system have? What role does the somatic nervous system have?
autonomic nervous system—division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary actions
somatic nervous system—division of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary actions
List the five senses and identify what they detect.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
eye—sight
ear—hearing
tongue—taste
nose—smell
skin—touch
Distinguish between physical stimuli and chemical stimuli.
physical stimuli—hearing, seeing, touching
chemical stimuli—tasting and smelling
Distinguish between “taste” and “flavor”.
We recognize four basic “tastes”—sweet, sour, salty and bitter. However, we recognize over 80 different odors
that work together with taste and texture to produce “flavor”.