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The Nervous System: Study Guide
Major Functions of the CNS
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_____________________________ of all parts of the body
Coordinates all _________________________
____________________________from stimuli all over the body
elicits _________________________________ to stimuli, both ______________and involuntary
Key Components of the CNS
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The _________________________________ is composed of the ________ and Spinal cord.
All __________________________ (the PNS) branch off of the _____________________.
Nerve cells, or _______________, receive and transmit ______________________throughout
the body.
There are ____________________________________ (we will discuss these as part of the PNS)
The Neuron: Basic Structure and Function (Draw a neuron labeling the following)
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Dendrites
Nucleus
Cell Body
Axon
Myelin Sheath
Synaptic Cleft/ Synapse
neurotransmitter
How can a nerve impulse be transmitted from one neuron to another without their coming in
contact with one another? What structures are involved?_______________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
What is a ‘nerve impulse?’
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A nervous impulse is referred to as an ______________________, a rapid change in ______
________________________ across the cell membrane (__________).
After visiting the website, and viewing the animation, explain how an action potential works:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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Your brain and spinal cord are composed of _________________________________________
sending and receiving messages every second
Gray Matter vs. White Matter
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Gray matter consists primarily of ________________________________, and capillaries.
In contrast, ___________________, mostly contains ______________________________ tracts.
The color difference arises mainly from ________________________________________.
The numerous infoldings, or ________, serve to ________________________________ of the
cerebrum and cerebellum.
Basic Brain Organization
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The brain exhibits “________________________________” with 2 hemispheres.
It is composed of 4 basic structures:
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The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, it controls:
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learning
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memory (long and short term)
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language
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conscious motor function (_______________).
Regions and functions of the Cerebral Cortex
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Frontal Lobe: _____________, ______________, _________________, ________________
Parietal Lobe: ___________, ____________, ______________, ____________, _____________
Occipital Lobe: ____________
Temporal Lobe: He______________, ________________
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Describe “Lateralization” with regard cerebral function: ________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Brain Organization: The Diencephalon
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The “_______________________” is composed of the __________ and _________________.
The Thalamus ______________________and transmits impulses to the ________ for processing
The Hypothalamus stimulates the ______________________ to secrete various hormones. **
The _________________________ is a long band of _____________________ which allows
communication between the ______________________________________________.
The _____________________ releases a hormone which _______________________________.
Located deep inside the brain, the _______________________ is responsible for
______________________________________ to long-term memories.
The fornix is an _________________________ of nervous tissue adjacent to the thalamus, it
connects the _____________________ to the ______________________.
Brain organization: The Brain Stem
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The “Brain Stem” is composed of 3 distinct parts: _______________, _______________,
______________________
Continuous with the ________________________, It is a small but
__________________________________ part of the brain.
The ______________ (continuous with the thalamus) acts as a ______________________ for
______________ and _____________l information.
The __________relays signals from the ______________ to the ____________________, it
regulates sleep, ____________________, bladder control, ___________________, taste, eye
movement, _____________________________, facial sensation, and _____________.
The _____________________________ controls autonomic functions including
________________, heart rate, ____________________, and ___________________________.
Key Components of the CNS: The Cerebellum
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The cerebellum contributes to:
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precision
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posture
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spatial perception
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Contrary to popular belief, the Cerebellum does NOT _________________________. Which part
of the brain does this? ___________________
The Cerebellum works with the _________________ (the thalamus) to
_____________________________________________________________________________.
Protecting the Brain
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Directly beneath the ___________ lie 3 membranes called _________________.
The 1st layer, just below the ________________, is the ___________. Tough and thick like a
_______________, it __________________________________ of the brain within the skull.
The middle membrane, the ____________________, looks similar to a ____________________.
Closest to the brain is a membrane called the ______, containing _________________________
which bring ______________ to the brain and carry _________________________ away from it.
Between the arachnoid and the Pia, is clear _________________________________.
The brain ______________ in this fluid, providing ‘_____________________’ as well as
_______________________________________ protection.
The Spinal Cord
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The spinal cord _________________________ information both to and from the brain. It is
_________________________ the brain stem.
It is composed of ___________________________________, of which there are 3 Types:
Draw a picture showing the 3 different types of neural networks here:
The spinal cord ________________________, and sends/receives trillions of signals
continuously to ___________________________________________.
The Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic Nervous System
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The __________________________ nervous system is responsible for the
____________________________________________, which occurs ______________________.
It is specifically is responsible for ________________________________________ that occur
when ________________________________…
The ______________________ nervous system mobilizes the body's resources under
______________conditions; initiating a cascade of ‘__________________________’ responses.
Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous system (ANS): The Enteric Nervous System
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The ______________________________ is a subdivision of the___________ that directly
controls _____________________________________.
It acts as an _____________________________, both with and without _________________.
Sensory neurons report on ________________ and _________________conditions while the
________________________in ________________________ govern
________________________________ of intestinal contents. Other neurons control
_________________________.
Protecting the Spinal Cord
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The spinal column, composed of numerous ______________________house and
_____________ the spinal cord. Draw a spinal column labeling the different sections:
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__________________________________ separate vertebrae and ________________________.
QUIZ!
1. This lobe of the cerebrum houses your intellect, emotions, and consciousness:
2. This region of the brain acts as a relay station for sensory input:
3. These neurons transfer impulses from the brain to skeletal muscle:
4. This allows communication between the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex:
5. Balance, posture, and motor skills are coordinated here:
6. Breathing, heart rate, and other autonomic functions are controlled by this:
7. Trillions of peripheral nerves branch off of this:
8. Name one of the 3 protective layers (meninges) found between the cranium (skull) and the
brain itself.
9. This houses and protects the spinal cord:
10. This lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for initiating movement and sensory input processing: