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Chapter 2: The Biology of Mind
Objectives
● Identify basic processes and systems in the biological bases of behavior, including parts of the neuron
and the process of transmission of a signal between neurons.
● Discuss the influence of drugs on neurotransmitters (e.g., reuptake mechanisms, agonists, antagonists).
● Discuss the effect of the endocrine system on behavior.
● Describe the nervous system and its subdivisions and functions: — central and peripheral nervous
systems; — major brain regions, lobes, and cortical areas; — brain lateralization and hemispheric
specialization.
● Discuss the role of neuroplasticity in traumatic brain injury.
● Recount historic and contemporary research strategies and technologies that support research (e.g.,
case studies, split-brain research, imaging techniques).
● Discuss psychology’s abiding interest in how heredity, environment, and evolution work together to
shape behavior.
● Predict how traits and behavior can be selected for their adaptive value.
● Identify key contributors (e.g., Paul Broca, Charles Darwin, Michael Gazzaniga, Roger Sperry, Carl
Wernicke).
Key Terms- ​
Each bold section has an individual vocab sheet!
Phrenology
Neuron
Neurotransmitter
Nervous System
The Endocrine System
The Brain
Brain Stem
Old Brain Structures
The Limbic System
Cerebral Cortex
Readings:
Chapter 3: ​
Biology, Behavior and Mind & Neural Communication pg 48-55
Chapter 3: ​
The Nervous System pg 55-59
Chapter 3: ​
The Endocrine System pg 59-60
Chapter 3: ​
The Brain (Part 1: up to The Cerebral Cortex) pg 61-68
Chapter 3: ​
The Brain (Part 2: from Cerebral Cortex to Our Divided Brain) pg 69-76
Chapter 3: ​
Our Divided Brain pg 76-81
The Neuron
Objectives
● Identify basic processes and systems in the biological bases of behavior, including parts of the neuron
and the process of transmission of a signal between neurons.
● Discuss the influence of drugs on neurotransmitters (e.g., reuptake mechanisms, agonists, antagonists).
Key Terms
Types of Neurons
Sensory
Motor
Interneurons
Parts of the Neuron
Receptor Sites
Dendritic Spines
Dendrites
Soma (Cell Body)
Axon
Myelin Sheath
Nodes of Ranvier
Terminal Buttons
Vesicles
Synapses
Semipermeable Membrane
Pre-synaptic/Post-synaptic Membrane
Glial Cells
Schwann cells
Neural Communication
Polarization
Depolarization
Action Potential
Repolarization
Resting Potential
Re-uptake
Refractory Period
All-or-none response
Threshold
Neurotransmitters
Excitatory vs Inhibitory
Acetylcholine
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Glutamate
Dopamine
Serotonin
GABA
Reading:​
Chapter 3: ​
​
Biology, Behavior and Mind & Neural Communication pg 48-55
UP NEXT: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM → ​
Chapter 3: ​
The Nervous System pg 55-59
The Nervous System and Endocrine System
Objectives
● Discuss the effect of the endocrine system on behavior.
● Describe the nervous system and its subdivisions and functions: — central and peripheral nervous
systems
Key Terms
Nervous System
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Endocrine System
Hormones
Adrenal Gland
Pituitary Gland
Readings:
Chapter 3: ​
The Nervous System pg 55-59
Chapter 3: ​
The Endocrine System pg 59-60
UP NEXT- THE BRAIN →
Chapter 3: T
​he Brain (Part 1: up to The Cerebral Cortex) pg 61-68
The Brain
Objectives
● Describe the nervous system and its subdivisions and functions: — major brain regions, lobes, and
cortical areas; — brain lateralization and hemispheric specialization.
● Discuss the role of neuroplasticity in traumatic brain injury.
● Recount historic and contemporary research strategies and technologies that support research (e.g.,
case studies, split-brain research, imaging techniques).
Key Terms
Types of Brain Scans
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
PET (positron emission tomography) scan
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
fMRI (functional MRI)
Older Brain Structures
Hindbrain
Cerebellum
Brainstem: Medulla, Pons
Reticular Formation
Midbrain
Forebrain
Thalamus
Limbic System
Amygdala
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Cerebral Cortex
Frontal lobes
Parietal lobes
Occipital lobes
Temporal lobes
Motor Cortex
Sensory Cortex
Association Areas
Plasticity
Neurogenesis
Split Brain
Corpus Callosum
Readings:
Chapter 3: ​
The Brain (Part 1: up to The Cerebral Cortex) pg 61-68
Chapter 3: ​
The Brain (Part 2: from Cerebral Cortex to Our Divided Brain) pg 69-76
Chapter 3: ​
Our Divided Brain pg 76-81