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1 The Cerebral Cortex Module 12 Reading Guide Module 12 explores the lobes and associations of the cerebral cortex. Detailed examples and illustrations elaborate on the motor and sensory functions of our brain’s complex control center. The module concludes with a discussion of plasticity. In general, what are the functions of the various cortex regions? How do glial cells support neurons? What are the four lobes of the cortex and what basic functions does each serve? A homunculus (literally meaning “little man”) is a scaled figure used to illustrate physiological functions. In Figure 12.2, a somatosensory and motor homunculus is drawn to explain which functions of the body take up more or less space on the cortex. Using that diagram, answer the following questions Which area(s) of the body is/are depicted as overly Why would these structures need greater space in large in the motor cortex shown on the left of the the motor cortex? diagram? Which area(s) of the body is/are depicted as overly large in the somatosensory cortex shown on the right of the diagram? Why would these structures need greater space in the somatosensory cortex? 2 In which lobe is the motor cortex located? How does the location of the motor cortex help us to better understand the function? In which lobe is the somatosensory cortex located? How does the location of the somatosensory cortex help us to better understand the function? Why do you think the motor and somatosensory cortexes are located adjacent to one another? In which lobe is the visual cortex located? How about the auditory cortex? List three of the varied functions of the association areas. How might the functions of the association areas assist in debunking the myth that humans use only a minor percentage of our brains? 3 How does the case of Phineas Gage illustrate the function of the frontal lobe? What role to Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area play in language? What is plasticity and what are two instances in which it could occur? What is the significance of plasticity? Give two examples from the text of the brain’s ability to reorganize or reassign brain functions. How is neurogenesis different from plasticity?