Neural systems for guilt from actions affecting self versus others
... 2004; Saxe and Kanwisher, 2003), and posterior cingulate cortex (Lombardo et al., 2010). In addition, the medial frontal regions (de Waal, 2008) play a role, specifically frontopolar cortex (Ruby and Decety, 2004), and ventromedial PFC, which has been implicated by lesion data (Eslinger, 1998; Shamay ...
... 2004; Saxe and Kanwisher, 2003), and posterior cingulate cortex (Lombardo et al., 2010). In addition, the medial frontal regions (de Waal, 2008) play a role, specifically frontopolar cortex (Ruby and Decety, 2004), and ventromedial PFC, which has been implicated by lesion data (Eslinger, 1998; Shamay ...
Reward Systems in the Brain and Nutrition
... (139, 140), showing that in humans perceptual representations of taste and olfaction are kept separate from hedonic representations. This separation is adaptive in that we do not become insensitive to the sight, taste, and smell of food after eating it to satiety, and we can therefore still learn ab ...
... (139, 140), showing that in humans perceptual representations of taste and olfaction are kept separate from hedonic representations. This separation is adaptive in that we do not become insensitive to the sight, taste, and smell of food after eating it to satiety, and we can therefore still learn ab ...
REPRESENTATION OF CENTRAL VISUAL FIELDS IN
... Discrete lesions were made in the primary visual cortex of 8 monkey hemispheres. None of these lesions involved white matter. In some monkeys the cortical lesion was fairly superficial, involving layers 1-4, whereas in others the lesions were slightly deeper, involving all 6 layers. There did not ap ...
... Discrete lesions were made in the primary visual cortex of 8 monkey hemispheres. None of these lesions involved white matter. In some monkeys the cortical lesion was fairly superficial, involving layers 1-4, whereas in others the lesions were slightly deeper, involving all 6 layers. There did not ap ...
Invertebrate Zoology Laboratory Exercises
... 13-26D, 13-30A, 13-33A,B), laboratories, and lectures as examples of basic annelid anatomy because they are relatively little modified from, and are thought to exemplify, the ancestral polychaete more closely that other Recent taxa. Nereidae is homogeneous and for our purposes there is little variat ...
... 13-26D, 13-30A, 13-33A,B), laboratories, and lectures as examples of basic annelid anatomy because they are relatively little modified from, and are thought to exemplify, the ancestral polychaete more closely that other Recent taxa. Nereidae is homogeneous and for our purposes there is little variat ...
19 CORTICAL PROJECTIONS FROM TWO PRESTRIATE AREAS IN
... strips outside (anterior to) area 19 and that a third, separate, field receives a small projection (anterior part of prelunate gyrus in upper area 18 lesions, anterior bank of inferior occipital sulcus in lower area 18 lesions). A small projection also appears to exist from the region of representat ...
... strips outside (anterior to) area 19 and that a third, separate, field receives a small projection (anterior part of prelunate gyrus in upper area 18 lesions, anterior bank of inferior occipital sulcus in lower area 18 lesions). A small projection also appears to exist from the region of representat ...
Aberrant Resting-State Functional Connectivity in the
... similar to fibromyalgia [18]. We have suggested that most of the documented features of CFS might be attributed to an aberrant neurobiological stress response or ‘sustained arousal’ [19]. The neurobiological stress response is governed by highly automated brain networks involving autonomic, endocrin ...
... similar to fibromyalgia [18]. We have suggested that most of the documented features of CFS might be attributed to an aberrant neurobiological stress response or ‘sustained arousal’ [19]. The neurobiological stress response is governed by highly automated brain networks involving autonomic, endocrin ...
Resting-State Connectivity Predictors of Response to
... anterior insula, dACC, amygdala, substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area, and thalamus, as well as studies showing anatomical connectivity between the anterior insula and the amygdala (Menon and Uddin, 2010). A few studies have investigated rs-fcMRI in MDD (for a review, see Wang et al, 2012). Sheli ...
... anterior insula, dACC, amygdala, substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area, and thalamus, as well as studies showing anatomical connectivity between the anterior insula and the amygdala (Menon and Uddin, 2010). A few studies have investigated rs-fcMRI in MDD (for a review, see Wang et al, 2012). Sheli ...
Hemispheric asymmetries of cortical volume in the human brain
... et al., 2007) characterized by the right frontal and left occipital protrusions, whose possible relationship to any functional asymmetries remains unclear. Regional hemispheric asymmetries both in cortical thickness (Luders et al., 2006) and volume (Good et al., 2001), both in gray and white matter ...
... et al., 2007) characterized by the right frontal and left occipital protrusions, whose possible relationship to any functional asymmetries remains unclear. Regional hemispheric asymmetries both in cortical thickness (Luders et al., 2006) and volume (Good et al., 2001), both in gray and white matter ...
Cortical control of saccades and fixation in man
... Fig. 2 Comparison of adjusted mean rCBF in eight subjects between reflexive saccades and fixation (A) and remembered saccades and fixation (B). The results are displayed as statistical parametric maps in three projections, sagittal, coronal and transverse. The grid is the stereotactic grid of Talair ...
... Fig. 2 Comparison of adjusted mean rCBF in eight subjects between reflexive saccades and fixation (A) and remembered saccades and fixation (B). The results are displayed as statistical parametric maps in three projections, sagittal, coronal and transverse. The grid is the stereotactic grid of Talair ...
Flow of information for emotions through temporal and orbitofrontal pathways REVIEW
... eulaminate 1). The caudally adjacent areas, including areas 13, OPro and orbital area 25, are dysgranular in type, characterized by the presence of a thin and incipient granular layer 4 (Fig. 1B). The most caudally located orbitofrontal cortex lacks a granular layer 4, and is thus agranular in type ...
... eulaminate 1). The caudally adjacent areas, including areas 13, OPro and orbital area 25, are dysgranular in type, characterized by the presence of a thin and incipient granular layer 4 (Fig. 1B). The most caudally located orbitofrontal cortex lacks a granular layer 4, and is thus agranular in type ...
Connection Patterns Distinguish 3 Regions of Human Parietal Cortex
... and others 1997), and on the basis of lesion and neuroimaging data, it has been argued that a similar functional region can be identified in the anterior lateral bank of the human IPS (Binkofski and others 1998; Binkofski, Buccino, Posse, and others 1999; Grefkes and others 2002; Shikata and others 2 ...
... and others 1997), and on the basis of lesion and neuroimaging data, it has been argued that a similar functional region can be identified in the anterior lateral bank of the human IPS (Binkofski and others 1998; Binkofski, Buccino, Posse, and others 1999; Grefkes and others 2002; Shikata and others 2 ...
Reduced functional connectivity within and between `social` resting
... been studied. Furthermore, since the brain regions identified in Di Martino’s meta-analysis (2009) are present in spatially distinct resting state networks, it is important to determine to what extent the connectivity at rest between these networks might also be affected. Between-network connectivit ...
... been studied. Furthermore, since the brain regions identified in Di Martino’s meta-analysis (2009) are present in spatially distinct resting state networks, it is important to determine to what extent the connectivity at rest between these networks might also be affected. Between-network connectivit ...
Different representations of pleasant and unpleasant odours in the
... pleasantness vs. unpleasantness. A recent functional magnetic resonance neuroimaging (fMRI) study (Anderson et al., 2003) found that activation of the amygdala was associated with intensity and of the orbitofrontal cortex with the valence of two odours, but only two different odours (citral and vale ...
... pleasantness vs. unpleasantness. A recent functional magnetic resonance neuroimaging (fMRI) study (Anderson et al., 2003) found that activation of the amygdala was associated with intensity and of the orbitofrontal cortex with the valence of two odours, but only two different odours (citral and vale ...
Expected Value, Reward Outcome, and
... expecting a low probability of a high reward of 30 pence and unexpectedly obtained a high reward value of 30 pence. On these trials, the TD prediction error from the EV part of the trial when the decision was being made and in the delay period after it was made to the RM or outcome part of the trial ...
... expecting a low probability of a high reward of 30 pence and unexpectedly obtained a high reward value of 30 pence. On these trials, the TD prediction error from the EV part of the trial when the decision was being made and in the delay period after it was made to the RM or outcome part of the trial ...
ORGANIZATION OF CORTICAL AFFERENTS TO THE FRONTAL
... pho-functional heterogeneity of this cortical region. Recent results show the diversification in afferent projections into particular FAC parts coming from thalamic and also from extrathalamic structures (26-30, 51, 65, 67, 68). It is particularly well expressed by the distribution of indirect FAC ...
... pho-functional heterogeneity of this cortical region. Recent results show the diversification in afferent projections into particular FAC parts coming from thalamic and also from extrathalamic structures (26-30, 51, 65, 67, 68). It is particularly well expressed by the distribution of indirect FAC ...
How do you feel -- now? The anterior insula and
... and activity in the left AIC was higher during faster tempos (>3Hz)18. Emotional awareness. Almost all recent imaging studies of emotion report conjoint activation of the AIC and the ACC in subjects experiencing emotional feelings, including maternal and romantic love, anger, fear, sadness, happine ...
... and activity in the left AIC was higher during faster tempos (>3Hz)18. Emotional awareness. Almost all recent imaging studies of emotion report conjoint activation of the AIC and the ACC in subjects experiencing emotional feelings, including maternal and romantic love, anger, fear, sadness, happine ...
Pathways for emotions and memory prefrontal cortices in the rhesus monkey
... D. Xiao, H. Barbas / Thalamus & Related Systems 2 (2002) 21–32 ...
... D. Xiao, H. Barbas / Thalamus & Related Systems 2 (2002) 21–32 ...
THE CINGULATE CORTEX AND HUMAN MEMORY PROCESSES
... the monkey makes a risky choice; furthermore, activation increases with an increase in risk (McCoy & Platt, 2005). Electrical stimulation of these neurons resulted in decreased risky decision making in a following subtest (Hayden, Nair, McCoy, & Platt, 2008). Published works about the functional rol ...
... the monkey makes a risky choice; furthermore, activation increases with an increase in risk (McCoy & Platt, 2005). Electrical stimulation of these neurons resulted in decreased risky decision making in a following subtest (Hayden, Nair, McCoy, & Platt, 2008). Published works about the functional rol ...
remembering familiar people: the posterior cingulate cortex and
... Neuroimaging studies of natural memories may reveal distinctive patterns of brain activation and may have particular value in assessing clinical disorders of memory. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate brain activation during successful retrieval of autobiographical ...
... Neuroimaging studies of natural memories may reveal distinctive patterns of brain activation and may have particular value in assessing clinical disorders of memory. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate brain activation during successful retrieval of autobiographical ...
Vagal Input to Lateral Area 3a in Cat Cortex
... Seven cats of either sex weighing 2.4 – 4.5 kg were used; three were anesthetized with chloralose and four with alphaxolone/alphadolone (Saffan, Glaxo). Chloralose anesthesia (60 mg/kg iv) was preceded by ketamine (50 mg im) and supplemented with intravenous pentobarbital sodium as necessary. Animal ...
... Seven cats of either sex weighing 2.4 – 4.5 kg were used; three were anesthetized with chloralose and four with alphaxolone/alphadolone (Saffan, Glaxo). Chloralose anesthesia (60 mg/kg iv) was preceded by ketamine (50 mg im) and supplemented with intravenous pentobarbital sodium as necessary. Animal ...
Short frontal lobe connections of the human brain
... marginal sulcus (FMS). The connections between Broca and medial frontal areas (i.e. FAT) and those between the hand-knob motor region and post-central gyrus (PoCG) were found left lateralized in a group of twelve healthy right-handed subjects. The existence of these short frontal connections was con ...
... marginal sulcus (FMS). The connections between Broca and medial frontal areas (i.e. FAT) and those between the hand-knob motor region and post-central gyrus (PoCG) were found left lateralized in a group of twelve healthy right-handed subjects. The existence of these short frontal connections was con ...
Representation of Umami Taste in the Human Brain
... 1969) have shown that the taste of glutamate [as its sodium salt monosodium glutamate (MSG)] cannot be reduced to any of the other four basic tastes. Specific receptors for glutamate in lingual tissue with taste buds have been also recently found (Chaudhari et al. 2000). Umami taste is found in a di ...
... 1969) have shown that the taste of glutamate [as its sodium salt monosodium glutamate (MSG)] cannot be reduced to any of the other four basic tastes. Specific receptors for glutamate in lingual tissue with taste buds have been also recently found (Chaudhari et al. 2000). Umami taste is found in a di ...
Pituitary Physiology - Core Concepts Anesthesia Review
... b. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin 5. Hormones released by the anterior pituitary are controlled by the hypothalamus through the use of hypothalamic releasing factors. 6. The posterior pituitary is an extension of the hypothalamus with axons that project directly into the poste ...
... b. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin 5. Hormones released by the anterior pituitary are controlled by the hypothalamus through the use of hypothalamic releasing factors. 6. The posterior pituitary is an extension of the hypothalamus with axons that project directly into the poste ...
Basal Ganglia Functional Connectivity Based on
... a specific set of motor or cognitive tasks, depending on the cortical area that belongs to it. Modifications of this model and further subdivisions of specific loops have been proposed (Fig. 1B) (Lawrence and others 1998; Nakano and others 2000). Other investigators have divided the striatum into 3 fun ...
... a specific set of motor or cognitive tasks, depending on the cortical area that belongs to it. Modifications of this model and further subdivisions of specific loops have been proposed (Fig. 1B) (Lawrence and others 1998; Nakano and others 2000). Other investigators have divided the striatum into 3 fun ...
Chapter 12 PowerPoint - Hillsborough Community College
... – Part of primitive rhinencephalon, along with olfactory bulbs and tracts – Remainder of rhinencephalon in humans becomes part of limbic system – Involved in conscious awareness of odors ...
... – Part of primitive rhinencephalon, along with olfactory bulbs and tracts – Remainder of rhinencephalon in humans becomes part of limbic system – Involved in conscious awareness of odors ...
Insular cortex
In each hemisphere of the mammalian brain the insular cortex (often called insula, insulary cortex or insular lobe) is a portion of the cerebral cortex folded deep within the lateral sulcus (the fissure separating the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobes).The insulae are believed to be involved in consciousness and play a role in diverse functions usually linked to emotion or the regulation of the body's homeostasis. These functions include perception, motor control, self-awareness, cognitive functioning, and interpersonal experience. In relation to these, it is involved in psychopathology.The insular cortex is divided into two parts: the larger anterior insula and the smaller posterior insula in which more than a dozen field areas have been identified. The cortical area overlying the insula toward the lateral surface of the brain is the operculum (meaning lid). The opercula are formed from parts of the enclosing frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes.