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Download CNS Brain * Cerebrum * Cerebellum * Brain Stem * Diencephalon
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Transcript
J.C.C. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM STRUCTURE SIMPLIFIED CNS Brain * Cerebrum * Cerebellum * Brain Stem * Diencephalon * Thalamus * Hypothalamus * Limbic System Spinal Cord * Interneuron Cerebral Spinal Fluid PNS Nervous Somatic (Voluntary) Cell * CNS to Muscle & * Neurons Skin * Glial Autonomic (Involuntary) Communication * CNS to Visceral * Acton Potential Organs * Synapses * Sympathetic (Fast) * Parasympathetic (Slow) Motor Neuron (Efferent) Sensory Neuron (Afferent) PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PATHWAYS FUNCTIONALITY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM CHARACTERISTIC FUNCTION(S) Cerebral Spinal Fluid Shock absorber for CNS protection Cerebrum Speech, sensation, communication, memory, reasoning, will and emotions Cerebellum Maintains body balance, coordinates voluntary muscles, makes muscular movements graceful and smooth Midbrain Eye and facial movements Medulla Oblongata Regulates respiration and heart beat Hypothalamus Integration & command center for autonomic (visceral) functions; involved in emotions Brainstem Contains major ANS reflex centers Spinal cord Contains ANS reflex centers for defecation, urination, erection and ejaculation; extends from medulla Oblongata to L1; consists of 31 segments; pathway for nerve impulses to and from the brain * Memory * Learning *Semantic memory * Episodic memory * Skill memory Hold thought; recall past events Retain & utilize past memory Numbers & words (language is dependent on this) Persons & events Perform motor activity J.C.C. VOLTAGE GATED CHANNELS Sodium (Na+) Potassium (K+) * Activation gate – Positive feedback * Single gate – Negative feedback * Inactivation gate – volt & time dep. Refractory Period Axon Diameter Myelination CHARACTERISTIC Neurons Glial (neuroglia) * Oligodendrocytes * Schwann Cells FACTORS AFFECTING PROPAGATION Unidirectional Larger (less resistance, faster); Smaller (more resistance, slower) Saltatory conduction = Faster propagation (in nodes) THE NERVOUS SYSTEM CELLS FUNCTION(S) Electrochemical via synapses Homeostasis, Supports, Protects, Repairs*, Modulates neurotransmission, Forms - blood brain barrier, CSF, Myelin sheath CNS – no neurilemma = no repair PNS – yes neurilemma = yes repair
