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HLTAP301A Communication and control centre of the body Structurally divided into CNS and PNS 1. CNS Brain and spinal cord 2. PNS Spinal nerves and cranial nerves Further divided into 1. Sensory which monitors changes and carry info to CNS 2. Motor info is sent from CNS towards muscles and glands causing a response Most important in the transmission of information Support, protect, insulate, nourish and generally care for neurons 1. 2. 3. Covered by 3 layers of membrane called meningies Dura mater is outer most layer Arachnoid mater is middle layer Pia mater is inner most layer Between arachnoid and pia is the subarachnoid space filled with CSF CSF provides nourishment to CNS as well as cushioning CNS Divided into functional sections 1. Cerebrum Largest section Divided into R and L hemispheres Each hemisphere has 4 lobes Functions include memory, association, thought and judgement 2. Cerebellum Second largest section Posterior and inferior to cerebrum Function is to coordinate voluntary movements by maintaining balance, posture and muscle tone 3. Brain stem Connects cerebrum to spinal cord Provides a pathway for ascending and descending tracts Divided into sections called 1. Midbrain 2. Pons 3. Medulla oblongata 1. Frontal lobe Motor area Personality Behaviour Emotive expression Intellectual functions Memory storage 2. Parietal lobe Sensory area Taste Speech reading 3. Occipital lobe Vision Reading interpretation Judging distances Seeing in 3 dimension 4. Temporal lobe Hearing Smell Taste Memory storage Part of speech area 5. Thalamus Relays sensory information to cerebrum 6. Hypothalamus Regulate temperature Water balance Sex Thirst Appetite Pleasure and fear 7. Midbrain Relays sensory and motor information 8. Pons Plays a role in respiration 9. Medulla oblongata Regulate heart rate, blood flow, blood pressure, respirations Reflex for coughing, sneezing, swallowing and vomiting 9. Cerebellum Coordinates voluntary muscle activity Maintains balance and muscle tone Divided into 1. Somatic NS Controls skeletal muscles 12 pairs cranial nerves supplying above the neck 31 pairs supplying trunk and limbs 2. Autonomic NS Controls involuntary movements of internal organs and gland secretions Also divided into 1. Sympathetic NS which acts when we are excited, frightened or exercising. 2. Parasympathetic NS which slows body functions back down