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Test 3 guide
1. List the structural and functional divisions of the nervous system, and describe their relationship to
each other. Nervous system, CNS, PNS, Somatic, ANS. Sensory, integration, motor
2. Describe the types of glial cells, Schwann, oligodendrocyte
3. Explain the physiological characteristics of mature neurons.
4. Discuss the function of each structure.
5. Describe the function of the myelin sheath, and differentiate between myelinated and unmyelinated .
6. Define the terms voltage, potential difference, and current, and describe how electrical current travels
in the body.
7. Name the various types of membrane channels, and the signals that control each type. ESSAY
8. Explain the resting membrane potential and how it is generated. ESSAY
9. Identify how changes in membrane potentials act as signals, and relate each type of signal to the
generation of action potentials.
10. Discuss the mechanism of generation of an action potential, and the three phases of an action potential.
11. Describe a threshold stimulus. Discuss how it relates to the graded potentials generated on dendrites,
and the all-or-none behavior of axons.
12. Define the absolute and relative refractory periods, and describe the events that occur during each.
13. Identify the effects of axon diameter and myelination on conduction velocity of axons.
14. Define a synapse, name the two types, and describe how synaptic transmission occurs at a chemical
synapse.
15. Define EPSP and IPSP. Spatial and temporal . Describe what causes them and how they are summated
by the postsynaptic cell. ESSAY
16. List the chemical and functional classes
of neurotransmitters, members of each class, and the types of receptors for
neurotransmitters. Describe the difference between adrenergic ans cholinergic synapses ESSAY
17. Neurologic disorders
Ch 12
2. List the functions of the diencephalon and brain stem.
3. Describe the cerebellum, and the mechanism of cerebellar processing.
8. Describe the functional relationships of meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and the blood-brain barrier to
the brain.
The Spinal Cord
10. Describe the function of
the spinal tracts within the spinal cord.
11. List the causes and effects of spinal
traumas and disorders
12. Name the techniques used to assess CNS function, and what each technique tests for.
13. Explain the age-related changes in brain function.
Chapter 13 Special sensory apparatus
Review the laboratory exercise
1. Classify general sensory receptors by structure, stimulus detected, and body location.
2. Outline the events that lead to sensation and perception
3. Name the components of a reflex arc and distinguish between autonomic and somatic reflexes.
4. Adaptation
Ch 14
1. Define autonomic nervous system and explain its relationship to the peripheral nervous system.
2. Compare the somatic and autonomic nervous systems relative to effectors, efferent pathways, and
neurotransmitters released.
3. Compare and contrast the roles of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. Look at table 14.3,
14.5 ESSAY. Look at the interactions of the SNS and PNS
4. Define cholinergic and adrenergic fibers, and list the different types of their
receptors.
6. Explain the clinical importance of drugs that mimic or inhibit adrenergic or cholinergic effects.
P metic, P lytic, S metic , S lytic
ESSAY
7. Underscore the effects of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions on the following organs:
heart, blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, adrenal medulla, and external genitalia.
8. Identify the autonomic nervous system controls of the spinal cord, brain stem, hypothalamus, and
cerebral cortex
9. Correlate the relationship of some types of hypertension.
10. Describe some effects of aging on the autonomic nervous system