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The Nervous System The glue that keeps all the parts and systems working together. Coordinating the Body Systems Keeps all systems up and running, so it can never rest. Homeostasis Occurs when all systems are working correctly Your body is in balance Five More Jobs Responsible for maintaining your consciousness Monitors alertness and awareness of surroundings Interprets senses Sensory organs: ears, eyes, nose, skin, tongue Reactions to senses Your learning and memory Two parts of the nervous system Central Nervous System Brain and spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System Nerves throughout your body Central Nervous System Brain and spinal cord Your brain is protected by your skull Your spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae in your spine Peripheral Nervous System The rest of your nervous system – spread throughout your body Peripheral means “outside” Nerves including: 12 pairs of cranial nerves coming from your head 31 pairs of spinal nerves coming from your backbone Autonomic Nervous System Controls your involuntary muscles Such as the cardiac and smooth muscles Are nerves really made of steel? Made of individual nerve cells called neurons What do neurons look like? Cell body with branches, or arms, coming out of the body. One type of the arms is called a dendrite The other type of arm is called an axon Dendrite Receives messages Carries messages to the center of the cell called the nucleus Axon Carry messages away from the center of the cell towards other cells. Messages travel one way: from a dendrite through the cell body to an axon. Three different kinds of neuron cells Sensory neuron Interphase neuron Gathers information and sends it to your brain or to your spinal cord Receives information from a sensory neuron Motor neuron Carries information to muscles or glands in the body How the neurons work together… Imagine you are riding a bicycle and see a red stop sign. Your sensory neurons in your eyes gather the information. The sensory neurons carry information to your brain where the information is passed onto interphase neurons. Then the interphase neurons pass the information to the motor neurons. The motor neurons travel to your leg muscles and tell those muscles to help you stop the bicycle. Sensory Neuron Interphase Neuron Motor Neuron How is the information transferred? Synapse When an axon from one nerve is carrying information to the dendrite of another nerve It uses special chemicals to send the information The information is passed through synapse, yet the cells never actually come in direct contact. Brain – Part 1 Cerebrum Largest part of the brain Many folds increasing the total surface area Controls all conscious body movement Interprets information gathered by your senses Divided into left and right hemispheres Left side controls the ability to speak, use math and think logically Right side controls your musical abilities, your artistic skills and your emotions. Brain – Part 2 Cerebellum Controls all the voluntary muscles in your body Makes sure your movements are smooth and coordinated Controls your balance and muscle tone Brain – Part 3 Brain stem Connects your brain to your spinal cord Automatic body processes are controlled by the brain stem Controls your heartbeat, your breathing and your blood pressure Reflexes Caused by stimulus Anything that causes a response Reflex actions help keep us healthy and safe