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Tuesday 2-23-2010 Unit 2 Notes: Nervous System Basics (1) Function • • • • Respond to stimuli Process information Communicate Maintain homeostasis • Basic Pathway: Sensory Input Integrate & Process Motor Output (2) Structure • Made of: – Brain – Spinal cord – Neurons – Junctions • Has a complex organization (hierarchy) of sensory and motor levels. (3) Brain & Spine • Brain divided into lobes • Spinal cord = communication highway • All nerves communicate through Spine • Example: Paralysis (4) Neuron • Neuron = Nerve Cell • Types: Multipolar + Unipolar • Basic Structural Components: – Dendrites (Incoming) – Cell Body (Integrate + Process) – Axon (Outgoing) – Myelin Sheath (Insulation + Speed) – Axon Terminal (Final Destination) (5) Unipolar Neurons • Use: Afferent Input (Sensory Input) • Dendrites connected to sensory organ • Message sent to cell body Out Axon • Message sent out of axon terminal • FOCUS: – Get message to CNS – Let CNS process and decide (NO need to have cell body right by dendrites) (6) Multipolar Neurons • Use: Efferent Output (Motor Output) • Multi = Lots of extensions coming from cell body • Cell body directly connected to dendrites • Dendrites coming from CNS / Efferent path effected organ • FOCUS: – Organize messages by importance – Make organs do things (Important to have cell body right next to dendrites) (7) Junctions • Junction = Meeting of Neuron + Neuron or Neuron + Organ – A.K.A. Synapse, Synaptic Cleft • Nerve Impulse Axon Axon Terminal Release Neurotransmitter – Neurotransmitter = Chemical Message – Causes an effect – Binds with cell membrane on other side (8) Nervous System Organization CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (SENSORY / AFFERENT INPUT) BODY (INITIAL STIMULUS / IMBALANCE) PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (MOTOR / EFFERENT OUTPUT) AUTONOMIC (INVOLUNTARY) SYMPATHETIC (FIGHT / FLIGHT) SOMATIC (VOLUNTARY) PARASYMPATHETIC (REST & DIGEST) (9) Sensory Input • Afferent Input (away from body) • Sends message from body part Brain • Initial stimulus or Imbalance (10) Central Nervous System (CNS) • INCLUDES: Brain & Spinal cord • “Head Honcho” – Notified of everything, Makes all decisions (11) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) • “Middle Man” / Body Guard: Body—CNS – Helps organize messages being sent to CNS and to organs. • 2 Divisions: – Sensory/Afferent Input – Motor/Efferent Output (12) Motor / Efferent Output • CNS Effector Organ – CNS makes decision – CNS sends message to release chemical, or move – GOAL: Regain Balance / Do What You Want • 2 Divisions: – Autonomic Nervous System – Somatic Nervous System (13) Somatic Nervous System • Voluntary Actions • Skeletal Muscle • (All other actions are involuntary) (14) Autonomic Nervous System • Involuntary Actions – Autonomic : Autopilot – Processes occur naturally without thought • 2 Subdivisions: – Parasympathetic Pathway – Sympathetic Pathway (15) Parasympathetic Pathway • (Involuntary) • “Rest & Digest” • Normal bodily functions: – Digestion , Excretion – Lens Contraction, Blinking – Gas Exchange – Sleep (16) Sympathetic Pathway • (Involuntary) • “Fight or Flight” • Bodily Functions during heightened excitement: – Increased heart rate, respiration – Increased sweating – Increased blood flow