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Chapter 7:) The Nervous System I How it Works (section !) • Functions - receives information about what is happening inside and outside the environment * makes you aware of environment around you * checks conditions inside your body - directs the way your body responds to information * stimulus – * response – - helps maintain homeostasis *homeostasis * directs body to respond appropriately • Structure - the nervous system includes the brain, nerves, and the spinal cord. - nerve- a tissue inside an organ in the nervous system that is made up of nerve fibers - neuron- a cell in the nerve tissue in the nervous system that carries information * nerve impulse- message that the neuron carries * dendrites – a nerve fiber in the neuron that caries impulses towards the neuron’s cell body * axon – a nerve fiber in the neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body * the nerve impulse travels into the dendrite then down the axon - three types: * sensory – * interneuron – * motor - • Nerve Impulse Travel - travels along the neuron in the form of electrical and chemical signals *impulses move rapidly toward the neuron cell body down the axon to the axon tip. - The a space between the axon tip and next structure is a synapse. - The structure could be either another neuron, a muscle or the cell of another organ. - To get to the next organ it releases chemicals To cross Neuron http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z6t9Yss45VI II Divisions of nervous system (section 2) • Central Nervous System - Is the control center of the body - What's happing in and out of the body is brought here * the brain is located in the skull is part of this, it controls most of the functions in the body * the spinal cord is a thick column of nerve tissue that links the brain to most of your nerves in the peripheral nervous system • The brain - Contains 100 billion neurons which are interneurons Three layers of connective tissues cover the brain There are three main parts of the brain Cerebrum* interprets input from the senses * controls the movement of skeletal muscles * carries out mental process such as learning, remembering, and making judgments. - cerebellum * coordinates actions of muscles * helps keep balance * motor neuron impulses send messages to cerebellum and tell how to move body - brain stem * controls body’s involuntary actions * regulates breathing * controls heartbeat The Brain • spinal cord - link between brain stem and peripheral nervous system - vertebral column *surrounds and protects spinal cord - same layers of connective tissue that cover brain cover spinal cord - also protected by watery fluid • Peripheral Nervous System - consists of a network of nerves that branch out from the central nervous system and connect it to the rest of your body - there are 43 pairs of nerves in entire system * 12 are in brain * 31 are in spinal cord - the pairs split and one nerve goes to left side and another never impulse goes to the right side - These nerves leave spinal cord in spaces between vertebrae • reflexes - something that your body does automatically occurs rapidly without conscious control a good example of a response some are controlled by spinal cord only, not brain * sensory neurons send impulses to spinal cord * then reaches interneurons in spinal cord * lastly, it goes directly to motor neurons: at this time another nerve impulse contracts your muscle * it takes longer for pain impulses to reach brain than it takes the reflex action to occur • Damages - concussion * bruise like injury of brain * occurs when soft tissue of cerebrum bumps against skull * in most headaches occur for short period and tissue heals itself * but in some confusion and/or drossiness occurs and doctors are needed - spinal cord injuries * occur when spinal cord is cut or crushed * when cut, all nerve axon in the region are split and impulses cannot pass * paralysis – loss of movement in some part of body Review: LABLE THE NEURON LABLE THE BRAIN