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The Nervous System LOGAN BASNER GARRETT PACE CHASE TALBOT What is the Nervous System? The nervous system essentially encompasses everything that enables us to feel and allows one part of our body to communicate with the other. The human nervous system is comprised of two basic parts, the central and the peripheral. Central Nervous System The central system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and the retina of your eye. The brain is composed of Neurons, also known as a brain cell. The brain has about 100 billion brain cells. The spinal cord is crucial for everyday function as it transmits commands from the brain to the rest of the body. The human brain weighs about 3 pounds. The central nervous system processes and sends out commands to the rest of the body. Brain Divided into three parts: The brain stem (an extension of the spinal cord), the forebrain (Primarily consists of the Cerebrium), and the Cerebellum. Forebrain and Cerebellum are divided into two hemispheres, which are linked by a thick band of nerve fibers and these hemispheres have areas, called "lobes," which perform specific functions. The brain contains gray nerve cells, which surround a smaller mass of white nerve fibers. Peripheral Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System is a term used to describe the nervous system that does not include the vertebrae, brain, and retina. The peripheral nervous system is essentially the “wiring” of the body. Spinal Cord The thickest nerve in the human body is 1 inch thick. The thinnest nerve in the human body is thinner than a human hair. Each nerve is a bundle of hundreds or thousands of neurons ( The spinal cord runs down a tunnel of holes in your backbone or spine. The bones protect it from damage. The cord is a thick bundle of nerves, connecting your brain to the rest of your body nerve cells). I bet you didn’t know that… The human brain uses About 12 percent of people about 20% of the body’s oxygen. The human brain weighs about 3 pounds. Albert Einstein’s brain was similar to the average human brain except for the region associated with math and spatial percept, where his brain was 35% larger than the average. dream in black and white, while the remaining 88% dream in color. The human brain stops growing around the age of 18. The brain is around 60% fat. The human brain contains about 100,000 miles of blood vessels. Neurons Neurons are electrically excited cells that communicate through the spinal cord to the brain and vise versa. Neurons also use synapses to direct electrical impulses. There are two types of synapses, chemical and electrical. They are part of the peripheral nervous system. During some points of pregnancy, 250,000 neurons are created every minute. There are three types of neurons: sensory respond to touch, sound, light and numerous other stimuli affecting cells of the sensory organs that then send signals to the spinal cord and brain. Motor Neurons receive signals from the brain and spinal cord and cause muscle contractions and affect glands. Interneuron connect neurons to other neurons within the same region of the brain or spinal cord.