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The Nervous System Controls activities using electrical signals. Made up of: • Brain • Spinal Cord • Nerves There are two parts to the nervous system: 1. Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain & Spinal Cord – process incoming & outgoing messages 2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Nerves – connects all neurons to the central nervous system The Peripheral Nervous System Neurons are specialized cells that carry electrical messages through the body very quickly. Electrical messages (impulses) sent to and from the brain travel through neurons inside nerves. There are two types of neurons: Sensory: Gather information from around the body and send it to the brain. Receptors detect change inside and outside the body.(Ex. Eyes) Motor: Send messages from the brain to the rest of the body. They cause a reaction to occur. (Ex. Muscles to contract) Neuron How do sensory and motor neurons work together? Sensory neurons are your receptors, like skin on your fingers. They sense changes (heat, pain) and send a message to the brain. The brain interprets the messages and sends a response to do something in the motor neurons (move your hand off of the stove). Nerves are groups of neurons that work together to send messages. The Central Nervous System Sends and receives electrical messages to and from the body. Made up of: • Brain • Spinal Cord The brain is the control center of the brain. It controls voluntary and involuntary movements in the body. Voluntary movements are actions under your control. Involuntary movements are actions you do without thinking. Brain Made up of three connected parts: 1. Cerebrum: Controls voluntary movement and detects light, touch, odors, sound, taste, pain, hot and cold. Right hemisphere: controls imagination, creativity Left hemisphere: controls speaking, reading, writing 2. Cerebellum: Controls your balance (keeps you upright). 3. Medulla: Controls involuntary movement: breathing, blood pressure, heart rate. Cerebrum Cerebellum Medulla The Brain The Spinal Cord Passes information to and from the brain to the rest of the body. The spinal cord is surrounded by vertebrae (protective bones). The spinal cord allows the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system. A reflex is a reaction to a stimulus. Something you do without really thinking about it. It is an automatic response. Ex. Blinking when someone gets near your face. Touching a hot stove and screaming! Cerebrum Central Cerebellum Medulla Peripheral Spinal cord Spinal nerves Cerebrum Cerebellum Medulla Spinal cord Spinal nerves