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Studying the Brain CHAPTER 6, SEC. 2 Three Parts of the Brain Hindbrain Located at the base of the skull The basic processes of life Midbrain A small part located above the pons Arouses the brain Integrates sensory information & relays it to the rest of the brain Forebrain Covers the brain’s central core Sensory & motor control Processing of thinking and learning Hindbrain Cerebellum Controls posture, balance, & voluntary movements Medulla Controls breathing, heart rate, and reflexes Pons Bridge between the spinal cord and brain Produces chemicals the body needs for sleep Forebrain Thalamus Integrates sensory input “relay station” for all the info that travels to and from the cortex Hypothalamus Controls hunger, thirst, and sexual behavior Controls the body’s reaction to temperature Cerebral Cortex Outer layer of the forebrain Cerebrum Inner layer Ability to learn Stores complex & abstract information Forebrain (cont’d) Limbic System Various structures that regulate emotions & motivations Amygdala Controls violent emotions like rage or fear Hippocampus Important for the formation of memories Lobes of the Brain Lobes the division of the cerebral cortex into different regions Corpus Callosum A band of fibers that joins the two hemispheres of the cerebrum Occipital Lobe Sends visual signals Parietal Lobe Concerned with various info from the senses Temporal Lobe Concerned with hearing, memory, emotion, and speaking Frontal Lobe Concerned with organization, planning, and creative thinking Left & right Hemispheres Left Hemisphere Controls the right side of the body Mathematical ability, where speech is located Right Hemisphere Controls the left side of the body Controls visual & spatial relations Perceptual tasks How Psychologists Study the Brain Recording EEG – records the electrical activity of the brain Shows the different levels of activity in the brain when a person is awake, drowsy, or asleep Stimulation Electrodes are used to stimulate the brain & record the activity Used with terminal cancer patients to relieve pain Can be used to treat extreme depression Used to control violent emotional behavior Brain Imaging Computerized Axial Tomography (CT) Used to pinpoint injuries & brain deterioration Radiation is absorbed depending on the density of the tissue & it produces a 3D image Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Looks at which areas of the brain are being activated during certain activities A radioactive solution is injected into the blood & the amount of solution absorbed by blood cells is measured Brain Imaging (cont’d) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Studies brain structure & activity Combines the features of CT & PET scans Functional MRI (fMRI) Observes both the functions of different structures of the brain & which structures participate in specific functions