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Life ch 19 – Nervous and Endocrine Systems Aim: parts of the nervous system Response to stimuli Stimuli – _____ Homeostasis – _____ Breathing, heart rate, digestion Neurons – nerve cells (3 parts) _____ _____ – receive messages and give to cell body (can collect from many sources) _____ – carries message away from cell body (can go to many other cells from 1 cell) Impulse – message carried by a neuron Receptors – in all sense organs Respond to _____ Sensory – _____ Interneurons – _____ Motor neurons – _____ Aim: 2 Parts of the nervous system: the CNS Synapse – _____ At end of axon a chemical is released, crosses the synapse and binds to the dendrite on the other side to begin again CNS – _____ PNS – _____ Brain coordinates all body activities except _____ 3 parts, 100 billion neurons o cerebrum – _____ impulses interpreted memory stored voluntary muscle control o cerebellum – _____ o brainstem – _____ connects brain to spinal cord midbrain, pons and medulla o spinal cord – _____ o as wide as your thumb around and about 43 cm long protected by skull and vertebrae and 3 membrane layers with cerebrospinal fluid in between Aim: PNS 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves Somatic – _____ Autonomic – _____ _____ – sensory receptors to interneuron in spinal cord to another interneuron to motor neuron o brain acts second Drug effects o Alcohol – _____ Impairs judgment, reasoning memory and muscle functions o Caffeine – _____, can cause physical dependence, stopping can cause headaches and nausea Aim: Senses Hearing – when an object vibrates/moves, it causes the air around it to move. This produces sound waves. Sound waves – bones in ear to nerves to brain and gets interpreted as sound _____– traps and funnels sound waves down ear canal to eardrum _____ - vibrates and moves the bones of the middle ear _____consists of hammer, stapes, and stirrup. Stirrup rests on 2nd membrane and vibrates it. _____ (cochlea and semicircular canals for balance) cochlea is fluid filled so it vibrates when the 2nd membrane vibrates. Shaped like a snail shell. Vision – cornea and lens bend light as it enters your eye and directs it towards the retina Retina – _____ o Rods – _____ o Cones – _____ o Collect at back and go to optic nerve and via that to the brain Lens – _____ (thickest at middle) causes rays to come together at a focal point and this magnifies things (magnifying lens) o Use these to correct vision – eyeball is too long and focal point is in front of retina (nearsitedness) get concave lenses and vice versa for farsitedness Smell – nasal passages contain _____ cells Stimulated by _____ Moisture from mucous glands dissolve molecules When enough molecules are present and stimulate enough cells, the impulse goes to the brain Taste – _____ Touch – both inside and outside the body (includes _____) Certain receptors at certain body parts o Fingertips – surface type (rough, smooth etc) o Lips – heat o Skin – pressure (injury)