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Introduction to Psychology
Suzy Scherf
Lecture 5: How Do We Act?
Brain and Behavior
Looking at Brains and Measuring
Brain Activity
MRI - Structural and Functional
Measures of Brain
MRI - Structural and Functional
Measures of Brain
MRI - Structural and Functional
Measures of Brain
• Starting to be used to look at brain
development!
• 7-yr-old doing a memory task
Positron Emission TomographyFunctional Brain Activity
Positron Emission TomographyFunctional Brain Activity
PET-Functional Brain Activity
Electroencephalogram
Records Temporal Activity of the Brain
Recording Event-Related Potentials
from Infants
19-month-old
7-month-old
Diseased Brains - Brain Tumor
Structural Damage
shown w/MRI
Functional Damage
shown w/PET
MRI Showing Fatal Stroke
Spread of
Blood
Wernikie’s Aphasia
Broca’s Aphasia
Organizing Principles in the Brain
Front of the Brain
Back of the Brain
Organizing Principles in the Brain
1. Different areas have different functions.
2. Despite the specialization, no brain area performs
only one function.
3. The brain represents the world in maps.
4. All incoming sensory information goes through a
switchboard first.
Most Recently Evolved Part of Human
Brain - Cerebral Cortex
Gyri
Sulcus
Different areas have different functions.
Lateral Surface of the Brain
Occipital Lobe
Functions:
Occipital Lobe
Dysfunctions:
Temporal Lobe
Functions:
Temporal Lobe
Dysfunctions:
Medial Temporal Lobe
Hippocampus and Memory
Frontal Lobe
Hippocampus
Temporal Lobe
ACh Pathways involved in
Alzheimer’s Disease
Also find
general
atrophy of
cortical tissue
Memory Structure
Ventral Temporal Lobe
Object Identification
Fusiform Gyrus
• Prosopagnosia -
• Visual Agnosia -
• (“A convoluted red form
with a linear green
attachment.”)
Parietal Lobe
Functions:
Parietal Lobe
Dysfunctions:
Parietal Lesions – Contralateral Neglect
Series of self-portraits by German artist Anton
Raderscheidt over 8-months period of time
Frontal Cortex
Functions:
Frontal Cortex
Dysfunctions:
OrbitoFrontal Cortex
Functions:
OrbitoFrontal Cortex
Dysfunctions:
OrbitoFrontal Cortex
The Story of Phineas Gage
OrbitoFrontal Cortex: Drugs and Reward
Non-user
Cocaine
Addict
No Dose
Cocaine Dose
Motor Strip - Sends Outgoing Motor Commands
Somatosensory Strip –
Receives Incoming Sensory Info
These Areas are Organized with Maps
The Brain Represents the World in
Maps.
Motor Homunculus
Somatosensory
Homunculus
Artist’s Rendering of the Homunculus
Medial Cut through Human Brain
There’s More than Meets the Eye!
Corpus Callosum – Connects two
Hemispheres
The Limbic System: Managing Emotions
Cingulate Cortex
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Evolutionarily Older Parts of the Brain
Controlling Homeostasis
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
Hindbrain
Sensory Relay Station – the Thalamus
Thalamus
Managing Motivations/Drives –
the Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus
Ventricles of the Human Brain –
Contain Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)
Ventricles of the Human Brain –
Contain Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)
Hydroencepahlus – Swelling of the
Ventricles
Anatomy of a Neuron
Incoming
Message
Outgoing
Message
Action Potential of a Neuron –
Sending the Message via ElectricalChemical Signals
Synapses – Communication between
Neurons
Synapses – Communication
between Neurons
Understanding the Functional
Organization of the Brain
Approach: Reverse engineering the brain –
Understanding the Functional
Organization of the Brain
Approach: Reverse engineering the brain –
Understanding the Functional
Organization of the Brain
Approach: Reverse engineering the brain –