Download Chapter 8: The Nervous System

Chapter 8: The Nervous System
1. Whereas the spinal cord is part of the ___________, the cranial nerves are part of the
___________.
A) CNS, PNS
B) PNS, CNS
Ans: A
2.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Within the peripheral nervous system, myelin is formed by
Schwann cells.
neurons.
microglial cells.
astrocytes.
B
3.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Of what does a neuron consist?
axon
cell body
dendrite
all of these
D
4.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
The sensory neuron is
impulse to muscle.
impulse to CNS.
always within CNS.
B
5.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
The interneuron is
impulse to muscle.
impulse to CNS.
always within CNS.
C
6.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
The motor neuron is
impulse to muscle.
impulse to CNS.
always within CNS.
A
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7.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which has the nucleus?
axon
dendrite
cell body
all of these
C
8.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Ans:
Of what does the action potential consist?
depolarization
repolarization
resting potential
depolarization and repolarization
all of these
D
9.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
When the nerve is at rest, the inside charge is
negative
positive
neutral
A
10.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
During depolarization
potassium ions move outside.
sodium ions move inside.
electrons stream along the axon.
B
11.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
What flows across the synaptic cleft?
ions
electrons
a neurotransmitter substance
all of these
C
12.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which is a neurotransmitter substance?
acetylcholine
acetylcholinesterase
an enzyme
acetylcholinesterase and an enzyme
A
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13.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
In which direction does an impulse go across a synapse?
dendrite to axon
axon to dendrite
either way
B
14. Which disease is due to an imbalance of the neurotransmitter dopamine within the
brain?
A) Parkinson disease
B) Huntington disease
C) Alzheimer disease
D) all of these
Ans: A
figure 8.1
15. Which letter in figure 8.1 points to the sensory neuron?
Ans: c
16. Which letter in figure 8.1 points to the motor neuron?
Ans: b
17. Which letter in figure 8.1 points to the effector organ?
Ans: a
18.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which neuron is involved in a reflex arc?
sensory
motor
interneuron
all of these
D
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19.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
What do the ventricles of the brain contain?
meninges
dura mater
cerebrospinal fluid
meninges and dura mater
C
20.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
What protects the spinal cord?
vertebrae
meninges
cerebrospinal fluid
all of these
D
21.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Hydrocephalus occurs in
infants.
adults.
infants and adults.
A
22.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
What are the main functions of the spinal cord?
reflex center
relay center between brain and peripheral nerves
reflex center and relay center between brain and peripheral nerves
C
23.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
The spinal reflex location contains
white matter.
gray matter.
gray matter and white matter.
B
24.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
The ascending and descending tracts contains
white matter.
gray matter.
gray matter and white matter.
A
25.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
The spinal cord contains
white matter.
gray matter.
gray matter and white matter.
C
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26.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The lateral ventricles are located in the
cerebrum.
medulla oblongata.
thalamus.
cerebellum.
A
27.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The limbic system is conserned with
relating feelings to experiences.
our deepest emotions, such as rage and pleasure.
learning and memory.
All of these choices are correct.
D
figure 8.2
28. Which letter in figure 8.2 points to the cerebellum?
Ans: a
29. Which letter in figure 8.2 points to the cerebrum?
Ans: c
30. Which letter in figure 8.2 points to the medulla oblongata?
Ans: b
31.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which area of the brain is concerned with homeostasis?
hypothalamus
cerebrum
thalamus
cerebellum
A
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32.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which area of the brain is responsible for consciousness?
hypothalamus
cerebrum
thalamus
cerebellum
B
33.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Which system is concerned with internal organs?
somatic
autonomic
somatic and autonomic
B
34.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Mixed nerves contain
sensory fibers.
motor fibers.
sensory and motor fibers.
C
35.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The optic nerve is a
cranial nerve.
sensory nerve.
spinal nerve.
cranial nerve and a sensory nerve.
D
36. Which peripheral nerves would most likely be adversely affected by someone using
crutches?
A) phrenic nerves
B) radial nerves
C) sciatic nerves
D) an intercostal nerve
Ans: B
37.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Restful activities stimulate the
parasympathetic nervous system.
sympathetic nervous system.
parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system.
A
38.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Norepinephrine stimulates the
parasympathetic nervous system.
sympathetic nervous system.
parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system.
B
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39.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
The autonomic nervous system is the
parasympathetic nervous system.
sympathetic nervous system.
parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system.
C
40.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The limbic system is involved in
emotions.
behavior.
memory.
all of these.
D
41.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which nerves innervate skeletal muscles?
somatic
sympathetic
parasympathetic
all of these
A
42.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
A ganglion contains
axons.
dendrites.
cell bodies.
axons and dendrites.
C
43.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which control(s) internal organs?
medulla
hypothalamus
cerebellum
medulla and hypothalamus
D
44.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which portion of the brain has hemispheres?
brain stem
cerebrum
hypothalamus
medulla
B
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45.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Vision is controlled in the
frontal lobe.
temporal lobe.
occipital lobe.
C
46.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Concentration is controlled in the
frontal lobe.
temporal lobe.
occipital lobe.
A
47.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Hearing is controlled in the
frontal lobe.
temporal lobe.
occipital lobe.
B
48. Describe the nerve impulse as it travels along a nerve fiber and across a synapse.
Ans: A nerve impulse is a wave of depolarization and repolarization, during which sodium
ions first move into a neuron and then potassium ions move out of a neuron. This is
called an action potential. When the action potential reaches the end of the axon,
neurotransmitter substances are released into the synapse between adjacent neurons.
These chemicals diffuse across the synapse and initiate an action potential in the next
neuron.
49. Describe how the spinal cord acts as a reflex center and a relay center.
Ans: The gray matter of the spinal cord contains the sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor
neurons involved in spinal reflexes. The white matter of the spinal cord contains nerve
tracts composed of nerve fibers carrying impulses toward or away from the brain.
50. List the parts of the unconscious brain and state the function of each part.
Ans: Diencephalon - maintains homeostasis (Hypothalamus) and serves as a relay station for
sensory impulses traveling toward the cerebrum (Thalamus)
Cerebellum - controls balance and complex movements
Medulla oblongata - contains vital centers and reflex centers
Pons - contains axons traveling between the cerebellum and the rest of the CNS, and
also contains vital centers and reflex centers
Midbrain - contains tracts traveling between the cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord,
and reflex centers
51. If a person had an injury to the occipital lobe of the cerebrum, what functional losses
would you expect them to have?
Ans: vision and visual recognition of objects
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52. When someone is frightened, they seem to have more strength to run or fight than
normal. What is the reason for this?
Ans: The sympathetic nervous system releases the neurotransmitter norepinephrine which
accelerates the heartbeat and increases respiration.
53. List the causes of Parkinson, Huntington, and Alzheimer disease.
Ans: Parkinson - deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine
Huntington - malfunction of the neurotransmitter GABA
Alzheimer - loss of neurons that use ACh as a neurotransmitter
54. Compare the left and right brain with regard to their abilities.
Ans: The left brain contains centers for speech and is responsible for language ability. The
right brain is better at dealing with spacial relationships, musical and artistic ability, and
expression of emotions.
55. Organize the following divisions of the nervous system in outline form: autonomic ns,
central ns, parasympathetic ns, peripheral ns, somatic ns, sympathetic ns.
Ans: I. Central ns
II. Peripheral ns
A. Somatic ns
B. Autonomic ns
1. Sympathetic ns
2. Parasympathetic ns
56. List the following reflex arc components in the order that they would function in
producing reflex activity: effector organ, interneuron, motor neuron, receptor, sensory
neuron.
Ans: Receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector organ.
57. Compare the cerebrum and spinal cord with regard to the location of gray and white
matter.
Ans: Whereas gray matter is found in the center, or core, of the spinal cord, white matter is
found near the surface. In the cerebrum, the gray matter is near the surface and the
white matter is deeper.
58. Differentiate between gyri, sulci, and fissures.
Ans: A gyrus is a convolution (bump) on the surface of the cerebrum. A sulcus is a shallow
groove between gyri. A fissure is a deep groove.
59. List and describe the three types of functional areas in the cerebrum.
Ans: 1. Sensory areas receive sensory impulses and produce sensations.
2. Motor areas initiate nerve impulses that control muscle fibers.
3. Association areas are believed to contain areas for intelligence, artistic and creative
ability, and learning.
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60.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The summing up of excitatory and inhibitory signals received by a neuron is called
summation.
potentiation.
integration.
transmission.
C
61.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Which is the most superficial menix?
arachnoid
dura mater
pia mater
B
62.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The primary somatosensory area
receives impulses from the skin and skeletal muscles.
is posterior to the central sulcus.
is located in the parietal lobe.
All of these choices are correct.
D
63.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which is not a component of the brain stem?
cerebellum
medulla oblongata
midbrain
pons
A
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