Download ap psych 2012 unit 3a and 3b

Mrs. Perl
AP Psychology Test 2: Unit 3a and 3b
Name: ____________
Date: ___________
The test is out of 105 points. You have 50 minutes to complete the test. Good luck!
I. Multiple Choice: Each multiple choice question is worth 1.5 points
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. The medulla is to the control of ________ as the cerebellum is to the control of ________.
a. eating; sleeping
b. breathing; walking
c. emotion; motivation
d. memory; attention
e. hearing; seeing
____
2. The parietal lobes are to ________ as the occipital lobes are to ________.
a. hearing; speaking
b. sensing touch; seeing
c. sensing pleasure; sensing pain
d. tasting; smelling
e. speaking; seeing
____
3. While mapping the motor cortex, researchers Foerster and Penfield found that
a. although the mind's subsystems are localized in specific brain regions, the brain acts like a
unified whole.
b. damage to a specific area in the left frontal lobe disrupted speech ability.
c. body areas requiring the greatest control occupied the greatest amount of cortical space.
d. if one part of the brain is damaged, the brain will compensate by putting other areas to
work.
e. our brain processes most information out of our awareness.
____
4. A picture of a dog is briefly flashed in the left visual field of a split-brain patient. At the same time a picture
of a boy is flashed in the right visual field. In identifying what she saw, the patient would be most likely to
a. use her left hand to point to a picture of a dog.
b. verbally report that she saw a dog.
c. use her left hand to point to a picture of a boy.
d. verbally report that she saw a boy.
e. communicate that she saw a picture of a boy with a dog.
____
5. Resting potential is to action potential as ________ is to ________.
a. adrenal gland; pituitary gland
b. sensory neuron; motor neuron
c. temporal lobe; occipital lobe
d. polarization; depolarization
e. dendrite; axon
____
6. Which of the following techniques would surgeons use in mapping the areas of the brain responsible for
specific activities, such as movement or speech?
a. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
b. computed tomography (CT )
c. electroencephalogram (EEG)
d. positron emission tomography (PET)
e. lesion
____
7. Psychologist Michael Gazzaniga asked split-brain patients to stare at a dot as he flashed HE·ART on a screen.
HE appeared in the left visual field, ART in the right. When asked to point to the word with their left hand,
patients pointed to
a. HE.
b. ART.
c. HEART.
d. EA.
e. nothing. They were unable to complete the task.
____
8. An all-or-none response pattern is characteristic of the
a. initiation of neural impulses.
b. release of endorphins into the central nervous system.
c. release of hormones into the bloodstream.
d. activation of either the sympathetic or the parasympathetic system.
e. excitation of the antagonistic hormonal system.
____
9. Messages are transmitted from your spinal cord to your digestive system's stomach muscles by the
a. endocrine system.
b. central nervous system.
c. sympathetic nervous system.
d. somatic nervous system.
e. glands.
____ 10. If a blind person uses one finger to read Braille, the brain area dedicated to that finger expands as the sense of
touch invades the visual cortex. This is an example of
a. brain plasticity.
b. hemispheric specialization.
c. neural prosthetics.
d. integrated association areas.
e. aphasia.
____ 11. Which of the following best describes how the brain processes and controls language?
a. Speech is such an important function of the brain that the right temporal lobe is devoted to
it.
b. Speech is primarily controlled in the occipital lobes, although association areas in the
parietal lobes are also involved.
c. Subfunctions of speech (such as producing speech, reading aloud, and understanding
speech) are processed by different parts of the brain.
d. Men and women process speech in different parts of the brain, determined primarily by
genetics and early environmental conditions.
e. The brainstem processes the basic parts of speech and communicates with the frontal
lobe's motor cortex.
____ 12. A football quarterback can simultaneously make calculations of receiver distances, player movements, and
gravitational forces. This best illustrates the activity of multiple
a. endocrine glands.
b. endorphin agonists.
c. neural networks.
d. endorphin antagonists.
e. thresholds.
____ 13. Which of the following are located exclusively within the brain and spinal cord?
a. sensory neurons
b. motor neurons
c. myelin sheath
d. interneurons
e. axons
____ 14. Which lobes of the brain receive the input that enables you to feel someone scratching your back?
a. parietal
b. temporal
c. occipital
d. frontal
e. cerebral.
____ 15. Increasing excitatory signals above the threshold for neural activation will not affect the intensity of an action
potential. This indicates that a neuron's reaction is
a. inhibited by the myelin sheath.
b. delayed by the refractory period.
c. an all-or-none response.
d. dependent on neurotransmitter molecules.
e. primarily electrical rather than chemical.
____ 16. As you are reading this question, the cells in your eyes are firing in response to the light coming from this
paper. Which type of neuron is carrying this message to the brain?
a. interneuron
b. sensory
c. presynaptic
d. motor
e. efferent
____ 17. An accelerated heartbeat is to a slowed heartbeat as the ________ nervous system is to the ________ nervous
system.
a. somatic; autonomic
b. autonomic; somatic
c. central; peripheral
d. sympathetic; parasympathetic
e. parasympathetic; sympathetic
____ 18. Someone trying to figure out an optical illusion is probably experiencing increased brain waves and
bloodflow to which brain structure?
a. left hemisphere
b. thalamus
c. reticular formation
d. right hemisphere
e. medulla
____ 19. The slowdown of neural communication in multiple sclerosis involves a degeneration of the
a. thresholds.
b. dendrites.
c. endocrine gland.
d. myelin sheath.
e. pituitary gland.
____ 20. Addictive drug cravings are likely to be associated with reward centers in the
a. thalamus.
b. cerebellum.
c. reticular formation.
d. limbic system.
e. angular gyrus.
____ 21. The ability to recognize faces with the right hemisphere but not with the left hemisphere best illustrates
a. Parkinson's disease.
b. neurogenesis.
c. plasticity.
d. lateralization.
e. aphasia.
____ 22. We are usually least consciously aware of the processes and functions of which brain structure?
a. cerebral cortex
b. motor cortex
c. sensory cortex
d. brainstem
e. Broca's area
____ 23. Which of the following is the component of the limbic system that plays an essential role in the processing of
new memories?
a. hypothalamus
b. thalamus
c. hippocampus
d. medulla
e. cerebellum
____ 24. The minimum level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse is called the
a. reflex.
b. threshold.
c. synapse.
d. action potential.
e. refractory period.
____ 25. Nerve cells in the brain receive life-supporting nutrients and insulating myelin from
a. glial cells.
b. neurotransmitters.
c. motor neurons.
d. hormones.
e. sensory neurons.
____ 26. Which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex?
a. thalamus
b. amygdala
c. medulla
d. hippocampus
e. cerebellum
____ 27. What is the interdisciplinary study of how brain activity is linked with our mental processes called?
a. social-cultural perspective
b. psychodynamic perspective
c. cognitive neuroscience
d. industrial-organizational psychology
e. biopsychosocial approach
____ 28. After a car swerves in front of you on the highway, you notice that your heart is still racing, even though you
know you are no longer in danger. Why do the physical symptoms of fear linger even after we cognitively
realize the danger has passed?
a. Dopamine controls fear, and this chemical takes a certain amount of time to break down in
your system.
b. Endocrine messages tend to outlast the effects of neural messages.
c. Excitatory neurotransmitters travel faster than inhibitory neurotransmitters.
d. The parasympathetic nervous system is less effective than the sympathetic nervous
system.
e. The adrenal glands tend to act more quickly than the rest of the endocrine system.
____ 29. Reuptake refers to the
a. movement of neurotransmitter molecules across a synaptic gap.
b. release of hormones into the bloodstream.
c. inflow of positively charged ions through an axon membrane.
d. reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron.
e. the ending of the refractory period.
____ 30. Which brain area is primarily involved with understanding and producing meaningful speech?
a. sensory cortex
b. angular gyrus
c. association areas
d. Wernicke's area
e. hypothalamus
____ 31. To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task, researchers would be
most likely to make use of a(n)
a. fMRI.
b. hemispherectomy.
c. ACh agonist.
d. brain lesion.
e. MRI.
____ 32. Transferring messages from a motor neuron to a leg muscle requires the neurotransmitter known as
a. dopamine.
b. epinephrine.
c. acetylcholine.
d. insulin.
e. endorphin.
____ 33. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that travel across the
a. cell body.
b. synaptic gap.
c. axon.
d. myelin sheath.
e. threshold.
____ 34. Psychologist Michael Gazzaniga asked split-brain patients to stare at a dot as he flashed HE·ART on a screen.
HE appeared in the left visual field, ART in the right. When asked, patients said they saw
a. HE.
b. ART.
c. HEART.
d. EA.
e. nothing. They were unable to complete the task.
____ 35. Schizophrenia is most closely linked with excess receptor activity for the neurotransmitter
a. dopamine.
b. epinephrine.
c. acetylcholine.
d. serotonin.
e. GABA.
____ 36. The most extensive regions of the cerebral cortex, which enable learning and memory, are called the
a. reticular formation.
b. medulla.
c. sensory areas.
d. cerebellum.
e. association areas.
____ 37. The knee-jerk reflex is controlled by interneurons in the
a. action potential.
b. spinal cord.
c. resting potential.
d. endocrine system.
e. neurotransmitters.
____ 38. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released by the
a. thyroid gland.
b. pituitary gland.
c. parathyroids.
d. adrenal glands.
e. pancreas.
____ 39. The thin surface layer of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebrum is called the
a. cerebellum.
b. corpus callosum.
c. reticular formation.
d. cerebral cortex.
e. sensory cortex.
____ 40. The brain structure that provides a major link between the nervous system and the endocrine system is the
a. cerebellum.
b. amygdala.
c. reticular formation.
d. hypothalamus.
e. medulla.
____ 41. If Professor Kosiba lesions the amygdala of a laboratory rat, the rat will most likely become
a. hungry.
b. sexually aroused.
c. physically uncoordinated.
d. less aggressive
e. aphasia.
II. Identify the parts of the brain in the picture below (1 point each)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Questions (15 points each)
1. If you stub your toe, how does the impulse travel through your nervous system allowing you to pull
your toe back and jump up and down in pain? Explain how this process occurs (including the
process of neural transmission) using the following terms in context:
• Sensory neuron
• Peripheral nervous system
• Central nervous system
• Interneuron
• Motor neuron
• Action potential
• Neurotransmitter
• Synapse
2. A patient who is admitted to the hospital after a stroke suffers from the following symptoms:
episodes of intense, unexplainable fear; difficulty speaking and reading aloud; and blindness in his
right visual field.
Part A: Using the terms below, explain why you would use these scans to investigate the patient's
brain functioning and,
• PET Scan
• MRI scan
Part B: Using the terms below, explain which brain structures you predict might have been affected
by the stroke, and why you think those brain structures were affected. (Note: Not all the brain
structures listed below were necessarily affected by the stroke. Your essay should clearly indicate
which brain structures you predict were affected and which were not.)
• Brainstem
• Amygdala
• Hypothalamus
• Occipital lobe
• Broca's area
• Angular gyrus
IV. Questions from Previous Tests (1 point each)
1. Define Positively skewed distribution
2. Define Functionalism
3. Define Correlation coefficient
4. If psychologists discovered that wealthy people are less satisfied with their marriages than
poor people are, this would indicate that wealth and marital satisfaction are
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
positively correlated.
dependent variables.
independent variables.
negatively correlated.
causally related.
5. When Mr. Adams calculated his students' algebra test scores, he noticed that two students
had extremely low scores. Which measure of central tendency is affected most by the scores
of these two students?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
mean
standard deviation
mode
median
range
Unit 3
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
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B
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
Page 69 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3B—The Brain
2
TOP: The brainstem
MSC: Conceptual
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
Page 74 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3B—The Brain
4
TOP: Structure of the cortex
MSC: Conceptual
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 75 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3B—The Brain
5
TOP: Functions of the cortex
MSC: Factual | Definitional
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 85 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3B—The Brain
8
TOP: Splitting the brain
MSC: Conceptual
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
Page 54 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3A—Neural Processing and the Endocrine System
2
TOP: Neurons
MSC: Conceptual
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 68 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3B—The Brain
1
TOP: The tools of discovery
MSC: Conceptual | Application
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 84 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3B—The Brain
8
TOP: Splitting the brain
MSC: Factual | Definitional
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
Page 55 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3A—Neural Processing and the Endocrine System
2
TOP: Neurons
MSC: Factual | Definitional
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 59 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3A—Neural Processing and the Endocrine System
5
TOP: The peripheral nervous system
MSC: Conceptual
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 82 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3B—The Brain
7
TOP: The brain's plasticity
MSC: Factual | Definitional
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
Page 80 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3B—The Brain
6
TOP: The cerebral cortex: Language
MSC: Conceptual | Application
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
Page 61 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3A—Neural Processing and the Endocrine System
5
TOP: The central nervous system
MSC: Conceptual | Application
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Page 53 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3A—Neural Processing and the Endocrine System
2
TOP: Neurons
MSC: Factual | Definitional
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
Page 74 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3B—The Brain
4
TOP: Structure of the cortex
MSC: Conceptual | Application
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
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Page 55 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3A—Neural Processing and the Endocrine System
2
TOP: Neurons
MSC: Factual | Definitional
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Page 53 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3A—Neural Processing and the Endocrine System
2
TOP: Neurons
MSC: Conceptual | Application
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
Page 59 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3A—Neural Processing and the Endocrine System
5
TOP: The peripheral nervous system
MSC: Conceptual
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 87 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3B—The Brain
9
TOP: Right-left differences in the intact brain
Conceptual | Application
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 53 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3A—Neural Processing and the Endocrine System
2
TOP: Neurons
MSC: Factual | Definitional
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 72 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3B—The Brain
3
TOP: The hypothalamus
MSC: Factual | Definitional
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
Page 83 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3B—The Brain
8
TOP: Splitting the brain
MSC: Conceptual
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 71 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3B—The Brain
2
TOP: The brainstem
MSC: Factual | Definitional
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 71 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3B—The Brain
3
TOP: The limbic system
MSC: Factual | Definitional
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Page 54 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3A—Neural Processing and the Endocrine System
2
TOP: Neurons
MSC: Factual | Definitional
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Page 74 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3B—The Brain
4
TOP: Structure of the cortex
MSC: Factual | Definitional
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 70 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3B—The Brain
2
TOP: The thalamus
MSC: Conceptual
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Page 89 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3B—The Brain
10
TOP: The brain and consciousness
MSC: Factual | Definitional
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
Page 63 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3A—Neural Processing and the Endocrine System
6
TOP: The endocrine system
MSC: Conceptual | Application
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 55 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3A—Neural Processing and the Endocrine System
3
TOP: How neurons communicate
MSC: Factual | Definitional
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 80 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3B—The Brain
6
TOP: The cerebral cortex: Language
MSC: Conceptual | Application
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
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Page 68 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3B—The Brain
1
TOP: The tools of discovery
MSC: Factual | Definitional
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 56 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3A—Neural Processing and the Endocrine System
4
TOP: How neurotransmitters influence us
Conceptual
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Page 55 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3A—Neural Processing and the Endocrine System
3
TOP: How neurons communicate
MSC: Factual | Definitional
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 84 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3B—The Brain
8
TOP: Splitting the brain
MSC: Factual | Definitional
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
Page 57 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3A—Neural Processing and the Endocrine System
4
TOP: How neurotransmitters influence us (TableA 3.1)
Factual | Definitional
E
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Page 78 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3B—The Brain
5
TOP: Association areas
MSC: Factual | Definitional
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Page 61 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3A—Neural Processing and the Endocrine System
5
TOP: The central nervous system
MSC: Factual | Definitional
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Page 63 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3A—Neural Processing and the Endocrine System
6
TOP: The endocrine system
MSC: Factual | Definitional
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Page 74 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3B—The Brain
4
TOP: The cerebral cortex
MSC: Factual | Definitional
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 72 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3B—The Brain
3
TOP: The hypothalamus
MSC: Factual | Definitional
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
Page 71 | Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3B—The Brain
3
TOP: The amygdala
MSC: Conceptual | Application
Previous test
1. D
2A.
ESSAY
1. ANS:
(Note: Students may cover the description of neural transmission involved with the action potential,
neurotransmitter, and synapse in any of the steps in this question; they do not need to cover them in
the order of the terms in the question.)
Point 1: Sensory neuron: Students should explain that sensory neurons in the toe fire in response to
stubbing your toe.
Point 2: Peripheral nervous system: Students should explain that messages from the rest of the body
(including the sensory neuronal impulses that fired when the toe was stubbed) travel through the
peripheral nervous system on their way to the brain.
Point 3: Central nervous system: Students should explain that sensory impulses from the rest of the
body (including the message from the stubbed toe) travel up the spinal cord to the brain.
Point 4: Interneuron: Students should explain that messages travel within the brain via interneurons.
Point 5: Motor neuron: Students should explain that the brain sends messages to muscles through
motor neurons (including the message to jump up and down in pain).
Point 6: Action potential: Students should explain that electrical charges travel within neurons
during neural transmission.
Point 7: Neurotransmitter: Students should explain that neurotransmitters are released in response to
an action potential and these neurotransmitters travel to other neurons during neural transmission.
Point 8: Synapse: Students should explain that neural transmission involves neurotransmitters
flowing into the synapse, the gap between neurons, and these neurotransmitters may fire the next
neural cell.
PTS:
REF:
TOP:
MSC:
2. ANS:
1
Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3A—Neural Processing and the Endocrine System
Transmitting the Pain Message From Your Toe to Your Brain
Application
Part A:
Point 1: PET scan: Students should explain that a PET scan might be used on this patient to identify
areas of the brain that are more or less active.
Point 2: MRI scan: Students should explain that an MRI scan might be used on this patient to
examine brain structures for possible damage or structural abnormalities resulting from the stroke.
Part B:
Point 3: Brainstem: Students should explain that the patient's brainstem likely was not affected
because none of the symptoms involve brainstem functions, such as breathing, heartbeat, or filtering
incoming stimuli.
Point 4: Amygdala: Students should explain that the patient's amygdala may have been affected
because the amygdala controls rage and fear responses.
Point 5: Hypothalamus: Students should explain that the patient's hypothalamus probably was not
affected because none of the symptoms directly involve hypothalamic functions: reward centers,
endocrine control, hunger, thirst, body temperature, or sexual behavior. Students could score this
point by explaining a possible connection between damage to the hypothalamus and the patient's fear
episodes if they clearly indicate that these feelings might be connected to endocrine control (for
example, the release of adrenaline, fight-or-flight response).
Point 6: Occipital lobe: Students should explain that the patient's occipital lobe is in his left
hemisphere was likely affected because it controls visual perception for objects in the right visual
field.
Point 7: Broca's are: Students should explain that Broca's area in the patient's brain was likely
affected because this structure controls speaking aloud.
Point 8: Angular gyrus: Students should explain that the angular gyrus in the patient's brain was
likely affected because this structure controls reading aloud.
PTS: 1
REF: Section- Biological Bases of Behavior: 3B—The Brain
TOP: Diagnosing Brain Malfunctions
MSC: Application
1.B
2.B
3. C
4. D
5. D
6. D
7. A
8. A
9. C
10. A
11. C
12. C
13. D
14. A
15.C
16.B
17. D
18. D
19. D
20. D
21. D
22.D
23. C
24. B
25. A
26. A
27. C
28. B
29. D
30. D
31. A
32. C
33. B
34. B
35. A
36. E
37. B
38. D
39. D
40. D
41. D
Diagram:
1. Parietal lobe or sensory cortex
2. thalamus
3. cerebellum
4. Medulla
5. Reticular formation
6. Pons
7. Pituitary gland
8. hypothalamus
9. Corpus collosum
10. frontal lobe/motor cortex
Previous test:
1. Positively skewed distribution-Graph is assymetrical and points in a positive direction. Mode and
the median are less than the mean. Tail points to the right. Mean is pulled in the direction of the
extreme scores
2. Functionalism -a school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes
function-how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.
3. Correlation coefficient-A statistical index of the relationships between two things. it ranges
from-1 to 1.
D
A