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Download Nerves, structures, and organs of the head 1. Left cerebral
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Nerves, structures, and organs of the head 1. Left cerebral hemisphere (cut away) 2. Right cerebral hemisphere 3. Cerebral cortex ("gray matter") 4. Cerebrum ("white matter") 5. Corpus callosum 6. Fornix 7. Third ventricle 8. Thalamus 9. Massa intermedia 10. Pineal body 11. Sinus rectus 12. Pituitary gland 13. Midbrain 14. Pons (part cut away) 15. Medulla oblongata (part cut away) 16. Fourth ventricle 17. Cerebellum 18. Olive 19. Spinal cord (part cut away) 20. Arachnoid sheath 21. Dura mater (sheath of spinal cord) 22. Eyeball 23. Tongue 24. Lingual nerve 25. First cervical nerve 26. Second cervical nerve Sensory and motor areas of the cortex and cerebral lobes 27. Frontal lobe 28. Parietal lobe 29. Temporal lobe 30. Occipital lobe 31. Sensory cortex 32. Motor cortex 33. Auditory cortex 34. Broca's area (speech) Central and peripheral nervous systems (silhouette) 35. Brain (cerebrum) 36. Brachial plexus 37. Peripheral nerves to arm 38. Nerves to thorax 39. Sacral plexus 40. Peripheral nerves to leg Demonstration of simple spinal reflex 41. Needle-point stimulus 42. Skin section 43. Sensory nerve endings (axon terminal) 44. Axon of sensory nerve 45. Sensory nerve cell 46. Synapse 47. Dendritic nerve endings (dendrite) 48. Intermediate nerve cell (in spinal cord) 49. Motor nerve cell 50. Axon of motor nerve 51. Bouton nerve endings of motor cell 52. Muscle cell The twelve cranial nerves A. Olfactory nerve B. Optic nerve C. Oculomotor nerve D. Trochlear nerve E. Trigeminal nerve E1 Opthalmic branch E2 Maxillary branch E3 Mandibular branch F. Abducens nerve G. Facial nerve H. Acoustic nerve (Vestibulocochlear nerve) I. Glossopharyngeal nerve J. Vagus nerve K. Accessory nerve L. Hypoglossal nerve GLOSSARY Arachnoid sheath (20) A delicate weblike membrane between the dura rnater and the meninges. Cerebellum (17) The second largest part of the brain. It has three functions, the unconscious maintenance of muscle coordination, equilibrium, and posture. Cerebral cortex (3) The outer layer, or "gray matter/' of the cerebrum that is composed mainly of nerve cell bodies which gives it the gray appearance. Cerebral hemisphere (1,2,4) The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and controls voluntary and higher mental functions. It is divided into the right and left hemisphere. Corpus callosum (5) A broad band of nerve fibers through which the two cerebral hemispheres communicate. Dura mater (21) A sheath of dense fibrous elastic tissue which lines the inner surfaces of the cranium and the vertebrae, Fornix (6) An arch of fold found in the cerebral hemispheres of man, Medulla oblongata (15) Composed primarily of white matter, the medulla communicates between the higher brain centers and the spinal cord. Midbrain (13) Also called the mesencephalon, it is located between the diencephalon and the pons, Olive (18) Two structures on the surface of the medulla which relay impulses from the cerebellum down the spinal cord, then to skeletal muscles. Pineal body (10) An endocrine gland found in the brain that serves as an important intermediary between photoperiodic output and endocrine function, especially the regulation of reproductive activity, Pituitary gland (12) An endocrine gland that secretes growth hormone which controls general metabolism, and adrenocorticotropic hormone which controls the adrenal glands. Pons (14) A short section of the hindbrain which serves as a communication bridge between the two halves of the cerebellum and between the midbrain and the medulla. Spinal cord (19) A soft oval-shaped cylinder about 45 cm long, and about as big around as the little finger. This structure is protected by the spinal column and is composed of afferent and efferent neurons and internucial neurons. Thalamus (8) Two rounded lobes of gray matter that serves as a major sensory integration center. Ventricle (7) One of four cavities in the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which lies below the longitudinal fissure of the brain. Sensory and motor areas of the cortex and cerebral lobes Auditory cortex (33) That portion of the brain that receives sensory information from the ears. Broca's area (34) That portion of the brain responsible for speech. Frontal lobe (27) The area of the cerebrum behind the bones that make up the forehead. Motor cortex (32) The outer layer of the brain that sends instructions for contraction to the skeletal muscles of the body. Occipital lobe (30) The area of the cerebrum at the back of the brain. Parietal lobe (28) That portion of the cerebrum behind the frontal lobes; the top back portion of the cerebrum. Sensory cortex (31) The outer layer of the brain that receives sensory (input) impulses from the environment. Temporal lobe (29) The area of the cerebrum behind the ears and the temple.