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Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
SEC 31.2
THE CENTRAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM
Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
The Brain and Spinal Cord
The control center of the
central nervous system is
the brain.
The brain’s principal job is
to process information.
The brain is constantly
changed by its interactions
with the environment.
Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
The Brain and Spinal Cord
A large group of neurons and
other cells make up the
spinal cord.
The spinal cord is the main
communication link between
the brain and the rest of the
body. It carries thousands of
signals at once between the
central and peripheral
nervous systems.
Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
The Brain and Spinal Cord
Spinal nerves branch out from the
spinal cord to connect the brain to
different parts of the body.
Certain kinds of information,
including many reflexes, are
processed directly in the spinal
cord. A reflex is a quick,
automatic response to a stimulus.
Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Cerebrum
• largest region of the
human brain
• responsible for the
voluntary activities of
the body
• site of intelligence,
learning, and judgment
Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Hemispheres
Cerebrum is divided into two
halves called hemispheres.
Each hemisphere deals with the
opposite side of the body.
• Sensations from one side of the
body go to the opposite
hemisphere of the cerebrum,
• Commands to move muscles on
one side of the body go to the
opposite hemisphere
Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Hemispheres
Each hemisphere is
divided into regions called
lobes.
Frontal lobe - evaluate
consequences, make
judgments, and form
plans.
Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Hemispheres
Temporal lobe - hearing
and smell
Occipital lobe - vision
Parietal lobe - reading
and speech
Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Cerebrum Layers
1. outer layer – gray matter
• called the cerebral cortex
• contains folds to increase
surface area
• processes information from
the sense organs
• controls body movements
Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Cerebrum Layers
2. inner layer - white matter
• consists of bundles of axons
with myelin
• connects different areas of
the cerebral cortex or
connects the cerebrum to
other areas of the brain
Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Limbic System
• located deep in the
cerebrum
• involved with emotion,
behavior, and memory
• the brain’s pleasure
center - produces
feelings of satisfaction
Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Thalamus and Hypothalamus
The thalamus and
hypothalamus are found
between the brain stem and
the cerebrum.
Thalamus
• relays information from
sensory receptors to the
cerebrum for processing
Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Thalamus and Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus
• control center for
hunger, thirst, fatigue,
anger, and body
temperature
• coordinates the nervous
and endocrine systems
Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Cerebellum
• second largest region of the
brain
• located at the base of the
cerebrum
• responsible for coordination
and balance
Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Brain Stem
• connects the brain and spinal
cord
• includes the midbrain, pons,
and medulla oblongata.
• regulates blood pressure,
heart rate, breathing, and
swallowing
• functions even when you are
not conscious