* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Nervous and Muscular System
Blood–brain barrier wikipedia , lookup
Neurolinguistics wikipedia , lookup
Emotional lateralization wikipedia , lookup
Neurophilosophy wikipedia , lookup
Brain Rules wikipedia , lookup
Synaptogenesis wikipedia , lookup
Embodied language processing wikipedia , lookup
Selfish brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Holonomic brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Brain morphometry wikipedia , lookup
Neuroscience in space wikipedia , lookup
Human brain wikipedia , lookup
Microneurography wikipedia , lookup
Executive functions wikipedia , lookup
Aging brain wikipedia , lookup
History of neuroimaging wikipedia , lookup
Proprioception wikipedia , lookup
Psychoneuroimmunology wikipedia , lookup
Embodied cognitive science wikipedia , lookup
Neural engineering wikipedia , lookup
Evoked potential wikipedia , lookup
Neuroplasticity wikipedia , lookup
Cognitive neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Metastability in the brain wikipedia , lookup
Haemodynamic response wikipedia , lookup
Nervous system network models wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychopharmacology wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychology wikipedia , lookup
Circumventricular organs wikipedia , lookup
Stimulus (physiology) wikipedia , lookup
The Muscular System • Muscles contribute to the outward appearance of animals and are essential for movement, posture, breathing, circulation, digestion, and many other functions Muscular System • Types of muscle fibers • Smooth • Cardiac • Skeletal Types of Muscle The Muscular System • Muscles are classified as being voluntary or involuntary – Voluntary muscles are those that can be contracted or relaxed at will – Involuntary muscles are regulated by the nervous and endocrine systems Functional Unit of the Muscle • Sarcomere – fundamental functional unit of striated muscle (skeletal and cardiac) – http://highered.mheduc ation.com/sites/0072495 855/student_view0/cha pter10/animation__sarc omere_contraction.html The Nervous System • The nervous system is a complex network that regulates most activities of the body, coordinates movements, and relays sensations The Nervous System • Two major divisions – central nervous system • Brain and spinal cord – peripheral nervous system • Nerves throughout body for sensory and motor control The Nervous System • Nerve cells are called neurons – Dendrite – Axon – Synapse The Nervous System • The brain controls most activities of the body, both voluntary and involuntary – Major divisions • • • • Cerebrum Cerebellum Diencephalon Brain stem Major Divisions of the Nervous System • Cerebrum – Divided into the L and R hemispheres – Connected by corpus callosum – Functions in: determining intelligence and personality; thinking; perceiving; language; motor function; planning and organizing; touch sensation Major Divisions of the Nervous System • Cerebellum – Back of brain – Functions in: maintenance of balance and posture; coordination of voluntary movements; motor learning; cognitive functions (language) Major Divisions of the Nervous System • Diencephalon – Include: hypothalmus, thalmus, and epi- and subthalmus – Functions to: direct sense impulses throughout body; autonomic (involuntary/PNS), motor, and endocrine control; homeostasis; and touch sensation Major Divisions of the Nervous System • Brain stem – Stem-like part of the base of the brain connected to spinal cord – Consists of: midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata – Functions to: control the flow of messages between the brain and body; control breathing, swallowing, heart rate, blood pressure, consciousness; and identify if one is awake/alert or tired/sleepy The Nervous System • Composition – Gray matter is formed by the aggregation of the cell bodies of neurons – White matter is composed of myelinated nerve cell processes The Nervous System • Function – Gray Matter: muscle control; sensory perceptions, such as seeing and hearing; memory; emotions; and speech – White Matter: relays sensory information from the rest of the body to the cerebral cortex; regulates autonomic functions (body temperature, heart rate and blood pressure); expression of emotions; and regulation of food and water intake