Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Organization of the nervous system
Document related concepts
Donald O. Hebb wikipedia , lookup
Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease wikipedia , lookup
Synaptogenesis wikipedia , lookup
Subventricular zone wikipedia , lookup
Artificial general intelligence wikipedia , lookup
Neuroinformatics wikipedia , lookup
Blood–brain barrier wikipedia , lookup
Neurolinguistics wikipedia , lookup
Activity-dependent plasticity wikipedia , lookup
Neurophilosophy wikipedia , lookup
Optogenetics wikipedia , lookup
Psychoneuroimmunology wikipedia , lookup
Brain morphometry wikipedia , lookup
Human brain wikipedia , lookup
Selfish brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Haemodynamic response wikipedia , lookup
Feature detection (nervous system) wikipedia , lookup
Neuroeconomics wikipedia , lookup
Neuroplasticity wikipedia , lookup
Biological neuron model wikipedia , lookup
Cognitive neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Neural engineering wikipedia , lookup
Aging brain wikipedia , lookup
Development of the nervous system wikipedia , lookup
Brain Rules wikipedia , lookup
History of neuroimaging wikipedia , lookup
Single-unit recording wikipedia , lookup
Neurotransmitter wikipedia , lookup
Synaptic gating wikipedia , lookup
Holonomic brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychology wikipedia , lookup
Molecular neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Metastability in the brain wikipedia , lookup
Circumventricular organs wikipedia , lookup
Clinical neurochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Neuroregeneration wikipedia , lookup
Stimulus (physiology) wikipedia , lookup
Nervous system network models wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
The Nervous System Neurons, Nerves, the Brain and Neurotransmitters Organization of the nervous system The central nervous system = The Brain + Spinal Cord Spinal cord: A collection of neurons and supportive tissue running from the base of the brain down the center of the back –Protected by spinal column But the central nervous system is only one part… Spinal Reflexes: Who Needs a Brain? • For example, pulling your hand away from something hot • No need to involve the brain • “Spinal reflexes” go right from the skin to the spinal cord back to the muscle • Neurons that serve the skin and muscles in arms and legs are part of the peripheral nervous system • So, spinal reflexes involve the central and peripheral nervous systems Organization of the nervous system Peripheral Nervous System • 43 pairs of nerves – Nerves are bundles of many, many neurons • 12 pairs go straight to the brain • 31 pairs go to the spinal cord (remember the spinal reflexes?) Peripheral Nervous System • Autonomic (think “automatic”): controls heart, stomach, etc. • Somatic: Arms and legs – things you control voluntarily Autonomic Nervous System • Sympathetic: Prepares the body for ACTION! • Parasympathetic: Rests the body and restores to get ready for next round. Organization of the nervous system A Neuron is a very special cell: You have about 100 billion of them! •Dendrites: Receive information from other neurons and transmit toward the cell body A Neuron is a very special cell: You have about 100 billion of them! •Cell body: Keeps the neuron alive and determines whether it will fire •Axon:Extending fiber that conducts impulses away from the cell body and transmits to other cells. Neurotransmitter Chemical released by a transmitting neuron at the synapse and capable of affecting the activity of a receiving neuron Major neurotransmitters Serotonin – involved in treatment of depression Dopamine Acetylcholine (Ach) Norepinephrine Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) Glutamate Endorphins – “runner’s high” The brain stem Pons: Involved in sleeping, waking, and dreaming chapter 4 The brain stem Medulla: Responsible for certain automatic functions such as breathing and heart rate chapter 4 The brain stem Reticular activating system: Arouses cortex and screens incoming information The cerebral cortex: curly
