* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Anatomy Nervous System Learning Objectives
Resting potential wikipedia , lookup
Feature detection (nervous system) wikipedia , lookup
Neuroeconomics wikipedia , lookup
Optogenetics wikipedia , lookup
Premovement neuronal activity wikipedia , lookup
Electrophysiology wikipedia , lookup
Types of artificial neural networks wikipedia , lookup
Cognitive neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Single-unit recording wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychology wikipedia , lookup
Synaptogenesis wikipedia , lookup
Microneurography wikipedia , lookup
Activity-dependent plasticity wikipedia , lookup
End-plate potential wikipedia , lookup
Holonomic brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Biological neuron model wikipedia , lookup
Executive functions wikipedia , lookup
Evoked potential wikipedia , lookup
Clinical neurochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Central pattern generator wikipedia , lookup
Neurotransmitter wikipedia , lookup
Molecular neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Synaptic gating wikipedia , lookup
Development of the nervous system wikipedia , lookup
Stimulus (physiology) wikipedia , lookup
Metastability in the brain wikipedia , lookup
Neuroregeneration wikipedia , lookup
Neural engineering wikipedia , lookup
Circumventricular organs wikipedia , lookup
Nervous system network models wikipedia , lookup
Spinal cord wikipedia , lookup
Anatomy Nervous System Learning Objectives Neuron Anatomy and Physiology o Classify the nervous system into central and peripheral divisions and subdivide the peripheral system into somatic, autonomic, sympathetic and parasympathetic systems o Distinguish between neurons and neuroglia o List the neuroglia and their functions o Classify the types of neurons by their function o Describe the structures of a typical neuron and their functions o Discuss the relationship between the presence of a neurilemma and nerve repair o Explain membrane potential and how a membrane potential is developed o Define resting potential, action potential, threshold, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, and refractory period o Describe the all or none principle o Explain the propagation of an action potential o Compare conduction in myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers o Define a synapse and describe its structure o Describe the release of chemical transmitters, their binding at the receptor sites and their inactivation o Describe the effect of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters on the post-synaptic membrane o Explain synaptic delay, summation, facilitation, and synaptic fatigue o List several inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters and neuropeptides Spinal Cord and Nerves Anatomy and Physiology o State the functions of the spinal cord o Describe the gross anatomy of the spinal cord and spinal nerves o Describe the structure of the spinal cord (in cross section) and spinal nerve roots and state the functions of gray and white matter o Describe the protective coverings of the spinal cord o Explain why spinal nerves are mixed nerves o Review the branches of a spinal nerve and the regions they supply o Explain the formation of plexi by ventral rami, list their names and the regions they innervate o Identify the major nerves of the body (ex. sciatic, phrenic, etc.) o Define a reflex action and state its importance o Define visceral, somatic, cranial and spinal reflexes o Explain somatic muscle reflexes and list some examples o Define and give examples of monosynaptic, polysynaptic, ipsilateral and contralateral reflexes o Identify the cranial nerves and briefly state their functions Brain Anatomy and Physiology o Describe the protective coverings of the brain o List the four principal divisions of the brain and brief ly state their functions o Describe the gross anatomy of the brain; identify the major brain structures visible externally and in mid-sagittal section o Explain the formation and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid o Define hydrocephalus o Describe the concept of the blood-brain barrier o List the regions of the brainstem and briefly explain their functions o List the structures of the diencephalon and briefly explain their functions o Briefly explain the functions of the cerebellum o Explain the functions of the white and gray matter of the cerebrum o Describe how the cerebral cortex is divided into functional areas and briefly explain their functions o Describe the structure and function of the limbic system and reticular formation o Briefly explain how an EEG is produced and its uses o Differentiate between lower motor neurons and higher motor neurons o Describe the neural pathways involved in the pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts o Compare the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system in terms of: outflow from CNS location of autonomic ganglia formation of plexi relative length of pre- and postganglionic neurons o Compare the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions in terms of their neurotransmitters and their effects on visceral effectors o Describe the "fight-or-flight" reaction Special Senses o Name the different sensory receptors o Describe the neural pathways for cutaneous sensations and proprioception o Analyze the components and processes of the body’s special senses. o Identify and describe the structure and function of each of the following: fibrous coat (sclera & cornea) vascular coat (choroid, ciliarv body & iris) retina (rods & cones) lens anterior and posteria cavities aqueous and vitreous humor o Describe retinal image formation (include refraction, accommodation, constriction of pupil, convergence and inverted image formation) o Define emmetropia, myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, cataract, glaucoma and color blindness o Name the three anatomical divisions of the ear o Describe briefly the structure and function of each of the following: external ear and ear canal (meatus) middle ear (ossicles, tympanic membrane, eustachian tube) inner ear (bony labyrinth, membranous labyrinth and fluid) vestibule, utricle, saccule, semicircular canals, cochlea o Name the receptor organs for equilibrium and hearing o Compare static and dynamic equilibrium o List the sequence of steps involved in the physiology of hearing