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Schematic wiring diagram of the basal ganglia. The striatum is the principal input structure of the basal ganglia and receives excitatory glutamatergic input from many areas of cerebral cortex. The striatum contains projection neurons expressing predominantly D1 or D2 dopamine receptors, as well as interneurons that use ACh as a neurotransmitter. Outflow from the striatum proceeds along 2 routes. The direct pathway, from the striatum to the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr) and globus pallidus interna (GPi), uses the inhibitory transmitter GABA. The indirect pathway, from the striatum through the globus pallidus externa (GPe) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) to the SNpr and GPi, consists of 2 inhibitory GABA-ergic links and 1 excitatory glutamatergic projection (Glu). The substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) provides dopaminergic innervation to the striatal neurons, giving rise Source: Treatment of Central Nervous System Degenerative Disorders, Goodman and Gilman's Manual of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2e to both the direct and indirect pathways, and regulates the relative activity of these 2 paths. The SNpr and GPi are the output structures of the basal Citation:feedback Hilal-Dandan Bruntoncortex LL. Goodman andventroanterior Gilman's Manual of Pharmacology and 2e; 2016 Available at: ganglia and provide to theR, cerebral through the and ventrolateral nuclei of Therapeutics, the thalamus (VA/VL). http://mhmedical.com/ Accessed: May 07, 2017 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved