Download 0.-Nat-5-REVISION-nervous

Unit 3 – Key Area 1 Divisions of
the nervous system and parts of
the brain
KA 1: Divisions of the nervous
system and parts of the brain
(a) CNS
Central
Nervous
System
(b) PNS
Peripheral
Nervous
System
The Nervous
System
(c) Medulla and
Cerebellum
(f)
Localisation
of brain
functions
(e) Cerebral
Cortex
(d) Limbic
System
• Multi-cellular
organisms are made of
trillions of specialised
cells that work
together to ensure
survival of that
organism.
• Internal communication
is needed to bring this
about this co-operation
is provided by the
nervous system.
The Nervous System
• Made of 3 parts:
– Brain
– Spinal Cord
Central Nervous
System or CNS
– Nerves – (Peripheral NS)
• The CNS is connected to all
parts of the body by the
nerves
The Brain
• Control centre of
CNS
• Protected by skull
• Adult brain – 1.3 –
1.4 kg
• Newborn brain – 350
– 400g
• 2% of adult weight
in healthy individual
• 100 billion neurons
Cerebrum
Medulla
Cerebellum
Spinal Cord
Part of brain
Function
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Medulla
Controls breathing and heart rate
Enables conscious thought,
memory, learning and intelligence
Controls balance and muscular
coordination
CNS
SENSORY
NERVES
RECEPTORS
(e.g. sense
organs)
STIMULI
e.g. touch/light
MOTOR
NERVES
EFFECTORS
(e.g. muscle
& glands)
RESPONSE
e.g. movement/
hormone release
Sensory
neurone
Synapse
Relay
neurone
Response:
arm muscles
contract and
hand withdraws
Motor
neurone
Effector:
muscles of
the arm
Harmful stimulus from
a hot object
Nervous System: N5 Revision
1) What 2 parts of the body make up the central
nervous system (CNS)
Brain and spinal cord.
2) Name the 3 types of neurons present in the
nervous system.
Sensory, relay and motor neurons.
3) What is the purpose of a reflex action.
To protect the body from harm.
4) The following diagram shows a
human brain.
Which letter indicates the site of memory
and conscious responses?
A
5. The diagram below shows a section
through the human brain.
Which labelled part co-ordinates
movement and balance?
B
6. The diagram below shows a human
brain.
Which letter shows the site that controls
heart rate and breathing rate?
C
7. Which of the diagrams below
identifies neurons and the direction
of travel of nerve impulses?
8. The following stages occur in a reflex action.
1 The effector produces a response.
2 A sense organ is stimulated.
3 An impulse passes along a sensory neurone.
4 An impulse passes along a motor neurone.
The correct order of the stages is
A 2, 3, 4, 1
B 2, 1, 4, 3
C 1, 2, 3, 4
D 3, 4, 1, 2.
9. The diagram below shows neurones connecting the
eye with the central nervous system.
Which line in the table below identifies correctly
the types of neurones and the direction of
impulses which travel along them?
10. The pathway for a reflex arc involves
the following.
1. Central nervous system
2. Sensory neurone
3. Motor neurone
Which of the following correctly represents
the pathway of a reflex arc?
A1>2>3
B1>3>2
C2>1>3
D2>3>1