Download CNS=Central Nervous System

Central Nervous System
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CNS=Central Nervous System
Main parts of the CNS:
1, BRAIN_________________
_________________________
_________________________
2, SPINAL CORD
 _________________________________________
_________________________________________
 _________________________________________
_________________________________________
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1. The Brain
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain 3
Stem
Protection for the Brain
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What happened to Phineas Gage?
1)
How did Phineas Gage change after
the accident? __________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
2)
How did Phineas Gage’s accident
change scientists’ understanding of
the brain? _____________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
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A. Cerebrum
• Made up of 2 hemispheres, each controlling one half of the
body
• The left hemisphere controls the right side of the
body, ___________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
• The right hemisphere controls the left side of the
body, ___________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
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White Matter and Gray Matter
• The cerebrum is
composed of:
– ________________
________________
________________
________________
– ________________
________________
________________
________________
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A. The Cerebrum
• Also known as the cerebral cortex, is
divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal,
occipital and temporal
– Each lobe has its own particular
responsibilities:
• Frontal: ____________________________
___________________________________
• Parietal: ___________________________
___________________________________
• Occipital: __________________________
• Temporal: _________________________
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The Cerebrum
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Probe the Brain
• Beginning in the 1940s, Canadian
brain surgeon Wilder Penfield
mapped the brain's motor cortex -the area that controls the movement
of your body's muscles.
• He did this by applying mild electric
currents to the exposed brains of
patients while they were in surgery.
• Ex. “Smell of burnt toast = area of
brain that is overactive = Ceisure.
Motor
Homunculus
• Brain
Probing
Activity
• This cartoon character has
features drawn according to
how much brain space they
take up.
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B. Cerebellum (“small brain”)
• Coordinates
– ______________
– ______________
– ______________
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B. Cerebellum
• ____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
• Communicates with the other parts of the
brain
• ____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
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C. Brain Stem
• Transmits information from the brain to
spinal cord and vice versa.
• Coordinates
– _____________
– _____________
– _____________
– ____________________
– ____________________
– _____________________
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2.The Spinal Cord
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2. Spinal Cord
• ______________________________________
______________________________________
________________________
• Protected by the vertebrae.
• Function:
1) ___________________________________
___________________________________
2) ____________________________________
_______________________________________
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2. Spinal Cord
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Damage to the C.N.S.

Concussion: _______________________________
___________________________________________
__________________________________________
 Paralysis: _________________________________
Cerebral palsy: ________________________________
__________________________________________
 Epilepsy: __________________________________
____________________________________________
 Multiple sclerosis:
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
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PBS clip: From Zzzz’s to A’s.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/sho
ws/teenbrain/view/
1. How many hours of sleep to you need to get in order to
be fully alert?
2. What is the name of your Biological Timing System and
how does it change during the teenage years?
3. What analogy does the announcer use for a teen that is
trying to function with not enough sleep?
4. What are three daily life functions that sleep affects your
ability to do?
5. What is REM sleep and what happens during this time?
6. What is the best predictor of whether or not you will
succeed at school?
7. What were the results of the study of the relationship
between learning and sleep in teens Charlie and Nicole?
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Review Questions - CNS
1) What are the main parts of the central
nervous system?
2) What is the brain?
3) What are the 3 major structures of the
brain?
4) What are the 4 different layers of
protection of the brain?
5) What functions are controlled by the left
cerebral hemisphere?
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Review Questions - CNS
6) What functions are controlled by the right
cerebral hemisphere?
7) What did the study of Phineas Gage
teach us about the brain?
8) What are the different lobes of the
cerebral cortex and what are their functions?
9) What is the difference between white
matter and grey matter?
10) Who is Wilder Penfield and how did he
contribute to our understanding of the brain?23
Review Questions - CNS
11) What is the function of the cerebellum?
12) What parts of your body does the
cerebellum communicate with?
13) What is the function of the brainstem?
14) What is the function of the spinal cord?
15) What protects the spinal cord?
16) What is a consequence of damage to the
spinal cord?
17) What 3 things can you do to improve the
power of you brain?
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Review Questions – CNS
1)What are the main parts of the central
nervous system? Brain, spinal cord
2) What is the brain?
The brain is the main organ of the CNS. It is
composed of nearly 100 billion nerve cells
which are folded together in order to fit inside
the cranium.
3) What are the 3 major structures of the brain?
cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem
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4) What are the 4 different layers of protection
of the brain?
1- cerebrospinal fluid
2 – Meninges
3 – the skull
4 – skin of the scalp
5) What functions are controlled by the left
cerebral hemisphere?
The left hemisphere controls logical thinking,
mathematical thinking, language,
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6) What functions are controlled by the right cerebral
hemisphere?
The right hemisphere controls artistic expression, creativity
and spatial understanding.
7) What did the study of Phineas Gage teach us about
the brain?
The brain is not only responsible for language and
movement but it is also responsible for determining one’s
emotions and personality
8) What are the different lobes of the cerebral cortex
and what are their functions?
– Frontal: movement, thinking, problem-solving
– Parietal: touch, pain and pressure information
– Occipital: visual information
– Temporal: auditory information
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The Cerebrum
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9) What is the difference between white matter and
grey matter?
Grey matter is a collection of neuronal cell bodies,
including dendrites. It is the region of the cerebrum
where synapses are made.
White matter refers to the collection of axons of those
neurons. It is where nerve fibers are located.
10) Who is Wilder Penfield and how did he contribute
to our understanding of the brain?
Wilder Penfield was a Canadian brain surgeon who
created of map of the motor cortex
(which regions of the brain control which body parts).
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Interactive Sites
• Neuron Transmission Interactive:
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/crossingdivide/