Download Chapter 3 Practice Test

Chapter 3 Practice Test
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. Opiate drugs occupy the same receptor sites as
a. dopamine.
b. serotonin.
c. endorphins.
d. epinephrine.
e. acetylcholine.
____
2. A brain lesion refers to ________ of brain tissue.
a. development
b. electrical stimulation
c. destruction
d. radioactive bombardment
e. X-ray photography
____
3. With regard to the process of neural transmission, a refractory period refers to a time interval in
____
____
____
which
a. am individual reflexively withdraws from a pain stimulus.
b. an electrical charge travels from a sensory neuron to a motor neuron.
c. a neuron fires more rapidly than usual.
d. dendrites transmit more electrical signals to axons.
e. positively charged ions are pumped back outside a neural membrane.
4. Mandy came home late. As she reached to turn on the kitchen light, her hand brushed against
something unexpected. Her adrenal glands, as a part of the “fight-or-flight” response, released
epinephrine and norepinephrine, which increased her heart rate and blood pressure. Even after she
realized it was just the curtain, her excited feelings lingered. This example illustrates
a. how the myelin sheath insulates and increases the speed of neural messages.
b. the all-or-none response in neural firing.
c. that endocrine messages tend to outlast the effects of neural messages.
d. how chemicals can amplify or block a neurotransmitter's activity.
e. that a resting axon has gates that block positive sodium ions.
5. Which brain structure receives information from all the senses except smell?
a. thalamus
b. medulla.
c. amygdala
d. hippocampus
e. pons
6. The surgical removal of a large tumor from Dane's occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain
tissue. Dane is most likely to suffer some loss of
a. pain sensations.
b. speaking ability.
c. language comprehension.
d. visual perception.
e. muscular coordination.
____
7. Which region of the brain will a fMRI show as active when a person is looking at a photo?
a. occipital lobes
b. association areas
c. frontal lobes
d. parietal lobes
e. temporal lobes
____
8. Which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex?
a. hippocampus
b. amygdala
c. cerebellum
d. thalamus
e. medulla
____
9. Prozac, a drug commonly prescribed to treat depression, prevents the sending neuron from taking in
____ 10.
____ 11.
____ 12.
____ 13.
excess serotonin. Which process does this drug prevent from taking place?
a. reuptake
b. depolarization
c. the all-or-none response
d. an action potential
e. a refractory period
Which kind of psychological researcher would be most interested in the research question, “Do
people who lose most of their cerebral cortex in an accident still exhibit signs of consciousness?”
a. behaviorist
b. social-cultural researcher
c. biopsychosocial researcher
d. developmental psychologist
e. cognitive neuroscientist
Brittla frequents only the most expensive clubs in an effort to attract a desirable mate. According to
evolutionary psychologists, Brittla's behavior is a product of
a. behaviorism.
b. her upbringing.
c. social pressure.
d. mutation.
e. genetic predispositions.
Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to emphasize that human adaptiveness to a variety of
different environments has contributed to human
a. reproductive success.
b. behavior correlations.
c. naturalistic observation.
d. genetic mutations.
e. prenatal development.
People can simultaneously process many aspects of sensory information such as color, shape, and
size. This best illustrates the functioning of multiple
a. dendrites.
b. endorphins.
c. ACh agonists.
d. ACh antagonists.
e. neural networks.
____ 14. Direct stimulation of the motor cortex would be most likely to result in
a. movement of the mouth and lips.
b. feelings of anger.
c. acceleration of heartbeat.
d. intense pain.
e. a sensation of being touched on the arm.
____ 15. Our lips are more sensitive than our knees to sensations of touch due to which of the following?
a. A larger area of the sensory cortex is associated with our lips.
b. The medulla routes impulses from the lips directly to our brainstem.
c. Our lips are directly connected to the sensory cortex, but our knees are not.
d. The dendrites connected to the lips are especially sensitive.
e. More neurotransmitters are released when the lips are touched.
____ 16. Which endocrine gland regulates body growth?
a. adrenal
b. thyroid
c. pituitary
d. parathyroid
e. pancreas
____ 17. Schizophrenia is most closely linked with excess receptor activity for the neurotransmitter
a. GABA.
b. epinephrine.
c. dopamine.
d. acetylcholine.
e. serotonin.
____ 18. The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior and
personality traits is known as
a. behavior genetics.
b. natural selection.
c. evolutionary psychology.
d. molecular genetics.
e. genome research.
____ 19. Neural networks refer to
a. the branching extensions of a neuron.
b. junctions between sending and receiving neurons.
c. neural cables containing many axons.
d. interconnected clusters of neurons in the central nervous system.
e. neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body.
____ 20. Many genes respond to environmental conditions, reacting to different environmental contexts in
different ways. This characteristic of genes is called what?
a. self-regulation
b. genotype
c. heritability
d. chromosomes
e. evolution
____ 21. Two plants are grown under the same environmental conditions, including the same soil conditions
____ 22.
____ 23.
____ 24.
____ 25.
____ 26.
and the same amount of light and water, but one grows to 2 feet tall and the other is 1 foot tall. In
this case, the heritability would be closest to
a. 5 percent.
b. 95 percent.
c. 25 percent.
d. 50 percent.
e. 80 percent.
The reproductive advantage enjoyed by organisms best suited to a particular environment is known
as
a. nurture.
b. behavior genetics.
c. self-regulation.
d. natural selection.
e. heritability.
Males in their ________ are most likely to be sexually attracted to women who are several years
older rather than several years younger than themselves.
a. fifties.
b. thirties.
c. forties.
d. teens.
e. twenties.
Neurotransmitters are released from vesicles located on knoblike terminals at the end of the
a. cell body.
b. myelin sheath.
c. axon.
d. dendrites.
e. synapse.
Molecules that are similar enough to a neurotransmitter to bind to its receptor sites on a dendrite and
block that neurotransmitter's effects are called what?
a. antagonists
b. endocrines
c. action potentials
d. endorphins
e. agonists
Ellen volunteers during her AP psychology class to try to balance a yardstick on her two fingers.
While her eyes are open, she finds the task quite easy. However, when she closes her eyes, she finds
the same task almost impossible. Which brain region relies on visual information in coordinating
our voluntary movements?
a. cerebellum
b. hypothalamus
c. reticular formation
d. amygdala
e. thalamus
____ 27. Recent brain research contradicts previously held beliefs, indicating that new neurons are actually
____ 28.
____ 29.
____ 30.
____ 31.
____ 32.
formed in the brain. What is this process called?
a. reuptake
b. plasticity
c. reticular formation
d. myelin cells
e. neurogenesis
According to opinion polls, how do scientists and nonscientists react differently to the idea of
evolution?
a. Most “hard” scientists, like physicists and chemists, think that evolutionary theory
is unnecessarily complex, and most nonscientists agree.
b. Scientists are mostly (66%) agreed that evolution is a valid theory, and most
nonscientists believe evolution describes the natural world well.
c. There is widespread consensus among scientists that evolution is scientific fact,
but half of U.S. adults do not believe in evolution.
d. Scientists and most nonscientists agree that evolutionary theory describes animal
development well, but not human development.
e. Belief in evolutionary theory is split along religious lines among scientists and
nonscientists.
Which part of your brain receives information that you are moving your legs?
a. amygdala
b. sensory cortex
c. hypothalamus
d. motor cortex
e. Broca's area
The capacity of one brain area to take over the functions of another damaged brain area is known as
brain
a. tomography.
b. aphasia.
c. phrenology.
d. hemispherectomy.
e. plasticity.
Teaching a patient to regain the use of an impaired limb by limiting his or her use of the good limb is
called
a. constraint-induced therapy.
b. cognitive neuroscience.
c. neural prosthetics.
d. phrenology.
e. functioning magnetic resonance imaging.
Research into dual processing provides partial evidence for levels of consciousness similar to the
levels first described by which psychologist?
a. Edward Titchener
b. Wilhelm Wundt
c. B. F. Skinner
d. Sigmund Freud
e. Mary Calkins
____ 33. The process of anticipating that you will be punished for misbehaving takes place within the
a. sensory cortex.
b. reticular formation.
c. limbic system.
d. sympathetic nervous system.
e. association areas.
____ 34. The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes are called
a. neurotransmitters.
b. molecular genetics.
c. genomes.
d. genes.
e. heredity.
____ 35. Professor Archibald suggests that men are more likely than women to initiate recreational sex
____ 36.
____ 37.
____ 38.
____ 39.
because this has historically served to be a more successful reproductive strategy for men than for
women. The professor's suggestion best illustrates a(n) ________ theory.
a. Freudian
b. cognitive
c. social learning
d. behaviorist
e. evolutionary
The thin surface layer of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebrum is called the
a. cerebral cortex.
b. cerebellum.
c. sensory cortex.
d. reticular formation.
e. corpus callosum.
As you are reading this question, the cells in your eyes are firing in response to the light coming
from this paper. Which type of neuron is carrying this message to the brain?
a. efferent
b. presynaptic
c. sensory
d. interneuron
e. motor
Severing a cat's reticular formation from higher brain regions causes the cat to
a. become violently aggressive.
b. lapse into a coma.
c. experience convulsive seizures.
d. become sexually preoccupied.
e. cower in fear.
One function of the glial cells is to
a. mimic the effects of neurotransmitters.
b. stimulate the production of hormones.
c. provide nutrients to interneurons.
d. control the muscle movements involved in speech.
e. control heartbeat and breathing.
____ 40. Which brain area is primarily involved with controlling speech?
a. sensory cortex
b. hypothalamus
c. association areas
d. angular gyrus
e. Broca's area