What is the function of the claustrum? - Christof Koch
... No region projects everywhere, yet there are a number of more local maps which overlap somewhat. To give an example, orbital frontal cortex projects to the entire claustrum except the visual part. All these complicated interactions show that the cortical areas act in groups. There is strong interact ...
... No region projects everywhere, yet there are a number of more local maps which overlap somewhat. To give an example, orbital frontal cortex projects to the entire claustrum except the visual part. All these complicated interactions show that the cortical areas act in groups. There is strong interact ...
Graziano's CV
... Graziano MSA (2006) Feedback remapping and the cortical control of movement. In: Latash (Ed.) Motor Control and Learning. Springer, New York NY. Graziano MSA, Aflalo T, and Cooke DF (2005) Arm movements evoked by electrical stimulation in the motor cortex of monkeys. Journal of Neurophysiology, 94: ...
... Graziano MSA (2006) Feedback remapping and the cortical control of movement. In: Latash (Ed.) Motor Control and Learning. Springer, New York NY. Graziano MSA, Aflalo T, and Cooke DF (2005) Arm movements evoked by electrical stimulation in the motor cortex of monkeys. Journal of Neurophysiology, 94: ...
The mirror neuron system and its role in learning Master`s thesis by
... coded for in the parietal MNS, but also for the goal meant to achieve with the action (Buccino et al., 2006). Action goals are coded for in the frontal MNS (Iacoboni et al., 1999; Iacoboni & Dapretto, 2006). For example Iacoboni et al. (2005) discovered that mirror neuron activity in the IFG differs ...
... coded for in the parietal MNS, but also for the goal meant to achieve with the action (Buccino et al., 2006). Action goals are coded for in the frontal MNS (Iacoboni et al., 1999; Iacoboni & Dapretto, 2006). For example Iacoboni et al. (2005) discovered that mirror neuron activity in the IFG differs ...
How do you feel -- now? The anterior insula and
... test stimulus (a one-sided fork) followed immediately by an ambiguous stimulus (so-called backwardmasking)31. The authors reported that subjects’ performance in detecting the asymmetry decreased progressively from 100% to chance levels for presentation times shorter than 150 msec, yet activation in ...
... test stimulus (a one-sided fork) followed immediately by an ambiguous stimulus (so-called backwardmasking)31. The authors reported that subjects’ performance in detecting the asymmetry decreased progressively from 100% to chance levels for presentation times shorter than 150 msec, yet activation in ...
Descartes` Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain
... impaired feelings stood out together as the consequences of a spe cific brain lesion, and this correlation suggested to me that feeling was an integral component of the machinery of reason. Two decades of clinical and experimental work with a large number of neurologi cal patients have allowed me ...
... impaired feelings stood out together as the consequences of a spe cific brain lesion, and this correlation suggested to me that feeling was an integral component of the machinery of reason. Two decades of clinical and experimental work with a large number of neurologi cal patients have allowed me ...
Foundations of Physiological Psychology, 7e (Carlson)
... 20) A complex phenomenon that is explained using simpler phenomena is based on the process of A) rationalization. B) simplification. C) generalization. D) deduction. E) reduction. Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Objective: Factual LO:1.2 APA: 1.1 21) Dr. Leary argues that muscle contraction occurs bec ...
... 20) A complex phenomenon that is explained using simpler phenomena is based on the process of A) rationalization. B) simplification. C) generalization. D) deduction. E) reduction. Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Objective: Factual LO:1.2 APA: 1.1 21) Dr. Leary argues that muscle contraction occurs bec ...
Mirror neurons in humans: Consisting or confounding
... Herein we pose the following question: has this body of research demonstrated without reasonable doubt that exactly the same human brain area is activated in both the execution and the observation of a similar action (as happens for the monkey mirror neurons)? As we shall report, the majority of PET ...
... Herein we pose the following question: has this body of research demonstrated without reasonable doubt that exactly the same human brain area is activated in both the execution and the observation of a similar action (as happens for the monkey mirror neurons)? As we shall report, the majority of PET ...
The role of mirror neurons in cognition
... Mirror neurons are a class of brain cells fortuitously discovered in the premotor cortex of the macaque monkey that become active during both execution and observation of the same action. This straightforward property is what enabled these neurons to conquer the fields of cognitive science and becom ...
... Mirror neurons are a class of brain cells fortuitously discovered in the premotor cortex of the macaque monkey that become active during both execution and observation of the same action. This straightforward property is what enabled these neurons to conquer the fields of cognitive science and becom ...
The mirror mechanism: recent findings and perspectives
... monkey, plus the insula and the cingulate cortex (see [16–21]). This review focuses on recent data on the functional properties of parietal and premotor mirror neurons, including their role in intention understanding. In the last section, we discuss some human studies dealing with this latter issue. ...
... monkey, plus the insula and the cingulate cortex (see [16–21]). This review focuses on recent data on the functional properties of parietal and premotor mirror neurons, including their role in intention understanding. In the last section, we discuss some human studies dealing with this latter issue. ...
Prosjektoppgave - Mirror neurons_ver4.2
... that if the observation of the experimenter's actions would trigger some comparable movement in the monkey's F5 region, it should also activate the neurons in the F1 region that control them. None of the neurons showed any activity during the observation phase (3). Furthermore, because the monkey wo ...
... that if the observation of the experimenter's actions would trigger some comparable movement in the monkey's F5 region, it should also activate the neurons in the F1 region that control them. None of the neurons showed any activity during the observation phase (3). Furthermore, because the monkey wo ...
The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit
... two other areas of the parietal lobe also have mirror neurons: the lateral intraparietal area (LIP), which with the frontal eye field forms a circuit involved in the organization of eye movements; and the ventral intraparietal area (VIP), which is buried in the intraparietal sulcus and with frontal ...
... two other areas of the parietal lobe also have mirror neurons: the lateral intraparietal area (LIP), which with the frontal eye field forms a circuit involved in the organization of eye movements; and the ventral intraparietal area (VIP), which is buried in the intraparietal sulcus and with frontal ...
The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit: interpretations
... two other areas of the parietal lobe also have mirror neurons: the lateral intraparietal area (LIP), which with the frontal eye field forms a circuit involved in the organization of eye movements; and the ventral intraparietal area (VIP), which is buried in the intraparietal sulcus and with frontal ...
... two other areas of the parietal lobe also have mirror neurons: the lateral intraparietal area (LIP), which with the frontal eye field forms a circuit involved in the organization of eye movements; and the ventral intraparietal area (VIP), which is buried in the intraparietal sulcus and with frontal ...
Title
... both when the monkey performs certain actions and when the monkey observes someone else (monkey or human) performing those actions.1 The same researchers also discovered mirror neurons in humans.2 One neuroscientist, not from the Parma group, predicts that “mirror neurons will do for psychology what ...
... both when the monkey performs certain actions and when the monkey observes someone else (monkey or human) performing those actions.1 The same researchers also discovered mirror neurons in humans.2 One neuroscientist, not from the Parma group, predicts that “mirror neurons will do for psychology what ...
Behavioral and Neural Changes after Gains and Losses of
... (Barraclough et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2004). During this game, the computer opponent simulated a rational decision maker who chooses its target so as to minimize the payoff of the animal, and the animal gained a token only when it chose the same target as the computer. When the animal’s choice was ...
... (Barraclough et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2004). During this game, the computer opponent simulated a rational decision maker who chooses its target so as to minimize the payoff of the animal, and the animal gained a token only when it chose the same target as the computer. When the animal’s choice was ...
Making Mirrors: Premotor Cortex Stimulation
... Abstract ■ Mirror neurons fire during both the performance of an action ...
... Abstract ■ Mirror neurons fire during both the performance of an action ...
The Mind-Body Problem and Current Behavioral
... animals). We can even suggest the following causal profile definition to the Feeling of Fear: Feeling of Fear causes active, non-stereotyped, non-reflexive (voluntary) avoidance behaviors (from the ...
... animals). We can even suggest the following causal profile definition to the Feeling of Fear: Feeling of Fear causes active, non-stereotyped, non-reflexive (voluntary) avoidance behaviors (from the ...
Neurophysiological correlates of hypnotic analgesia
... and Redd, 2000; Stewart 2005). However, there still remains controversy over how hypnosis should be defined. Some researchers (Hilgard 1965; Gruzelier 2000; Kallio and Revonsuo 2003) state that hypnotic phenomena cannot be explained without positing a special psychological state – an altered or diss ...
... and Redd, 2000; Stewart 2005). However, there still remains controversy over how hypnosis should be defined. Some researchers (Hilgard 1965; Gruzelier 2000; Kallio and Revonsuo 2003) state that hypnotic phenomena cannot be explained without positing a special psychological state – an altered or diss ...
the mirror-neuron system - UCSF Center for Integrative Neuroscience
... same noise without seeing it. The results showed that about 15% of mirror neurons responsive to presentation of actions accompanied by sounds also responded to the presentation of the sound alone. The response to action sounds did not depend on unspecific factors such as arousal or emotional content ...
... same noise without seeing it. The results showed that about 15% of mirror neurons responsive to presentation of actions accompanied by sounds also responded to the presentation of the sound alone. The response to action sounds did not depend on unspecific factors such as arousal or emotional content ...
The influence of James and Darwin on Cajal and his
... extensively discussed within the area of psychology in the late 19th century and early 20th centuries. Analysis of the relationships between the biological and the psychological traits of the organism was present in scientific debates around this time period (Galton, 1880; Ebbinghaus, 1885; Calkins, ...
... extensively discussed within the area of psychology in the late 19th century and early 20th centuries. Analysis of the relationships between the biological and the psychological traits of the organism was present in scientific debates around this time period (Galton, 1880; Ebbinghaus, 1885; Calkins, ...
Paying attention to consciousness - What is Neuro
... The paper starts with a brief survey of the nature of attention. I then briefly review engineering control, and more specific motor control concepts, in Section 3. A general control model for sensory attention is developed in Section 4, including simple simulations which support the presence of cert ...
... The paper starts with a brief survey of the nature of attention. I then briefly review engineering control, and more specific motor control concepts, in Section 3. A general control model for sensory attention is developed in Section 4, including simple simulations which support the presence of cert ...
The role of the mirror neuron system in action understanding and
... they found that activation of mirror neurons was only caused by actions in which a hand or mouth interacted with an object. Hand movements that included grasping, manipulating and placing objects caused the strongest mirror neuron activation. The showing of objects alone was not effective in activat ...
... they found that activation of mirror neurons was only caused by actions in which a hand or mouth interacted with an object. Hand movements that included grasping, manipulating and placing objects caused the strongest mirror neuron activation. The showing of objects alone was not effective in activat ...
the mirror-neuron system - Psychology and Neuroscience
... same noise without seeing it. The results showed that about 15% of mirror neurons responsive to presentation of actions accompanied by sounds also responded to the presentation of the sound alone. The response to action sounds did not depend on unspecific factors such as arousal or emotional content ...
... same noise without seeing it. The results showed that about 15% of mirror neurons responsive to presentation of actions accompanied by sounds also responded to the presentation of the sound alone. The response to action sounds did not depend on unspecific factors such as arousal or emotional content ...
Neuroethology of reward and decision making
... Sugrue, Corrado and Newsome extended these observations by probing the dynamics of decisionrelated activity in the LIP area using a virtual foraging task (Sugrue et al. 2004). In that experiment, the rewards associated with each of two targets fluctuated over time. Under these conditions, monkeys te ...
... Sugrue, Corrado and Newsome extended these observations by probing the dynamics of decisionrelated activity in the LIP area using a virtual foraging task (Sugrue et al. 2004). In that experiment, the rewards associated with each of two targets fluctuated over time. Under these conditions, monkeys te ...
The Resilience of Computationalism - Philsci
... Neural processes are temporally constrained in real time, whereas computations are not; hence, neural processes are not computations (cf. Globus 1992, van Gelder 1998). This objection trades on an ambiguity between mathematical representation of time and real time. True, computations are temporally ...
... Neural processes are temporally constrained in real time, whereas computations are not; hence, neural processes are not computations (cf. Globus 1992, van Gelder 1998). This objection trades on an ambiguity between mathematical representation of time and real time. True, computations are temporally ...
Neural and Computational Mechanisms of Action Processing
... modules encode only a specific set of parameters instead of mixing many apparently unrelated computational functions. There are two further issues that deserve some discussion here. The first is the origin of the input that may determine the properties of view-dependent and viewindependent F5 mirro ...
... modules encode only a specific set of parameters instead of mixing many apparently unrelated computational functions. There are two further issues that deserve some discussion here. The first is the origin of the input that may determine the properties of view-dependent and viewindependent F5 mirro ...
Animal consciousness
Animal consciousness, or animal awareness, is the quality or state of self-awareness within an animal, or, of being aware of an external object or something within itself. In humans, consciousness has been defined as: sentience, awareness, subjectivity, qualia, the ability to experience or to feel, wakefulness, having a sense of selfhood, and the executive control system of the mind. Despite the difficulty in definition, many philosophers believe there is a broadly shared underlying intuition about what consciousness is.The topic of animal consciousness is beset with a number of difficulties. It poses the problem of other minds in an especially severe form because animals, lacking the ability to express human language, cannot tell us about their experiences. Also, it is difficult to reason objectively about the question, because a denial that an animal is conscious is often taken to imply that it does not feel, its life has no value, and that harming it is not morally wrong. The 17th-century French philosopher René Descartes, for example, has sometimes been blamed for mistreatment of animals because he argued that only humans are conscious.Philosophers who consider subjective experience the essence of consciousness also generally believe, as a correlate, that the existence and nature of animal consciousness can never rigorously be known. The American philosopher Thomas Nagel spelled out this point of view in an influential essay titled What Is it Like to Be a Bat?. He said that an organism is conscious ""if and only if there is something that it is like to be that organism — something it is like for the organism""; and he argued that no matter how much we know about an animal's brain and behavior, we can never really put ourselves into the mind of the animal and experience its world in the way it does itself. Other thinkers, such as the cognitive scientist Douglas Hofstadter, dismiss this argument as incoherent. Several psychologists and ethologists have argued for the existence of animal consciousness by describing a range of behaviors that appear to show animals holding beliefs about things they cannot directly perceive — Donald Griffin's 2001 book Animal Minds reviews a substantial portion of the evidence.Animal consciousness has been actively researched for over 100 years. In 1927 the American functional psychologist Harvey Carr argued that any valid measure or understanding of awareness in animals depends on ""an accurate and complete knowledge of its essential conditions in man"". A more recent review concluded in 1985 that ""the best approach is to use experiment (especially psychophysics) and observation to trace the dawning and ontogeny of self-consciousness, perception, communication, intention, beliefs, and reflection in normal human fetuses, infants, and children.""