Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... a fundamental mechanism linking sensory representations of the actions of others to motor plans. Furthermore, social psychology studies have documented the automaticity of imitation and mimicry in humans, a feature that also maps well onto some recently disclosed neurophysiological bases of imitatio ...
... a fundamental mechanism linking sensory representations of the actions of others to motor plans. Furthermore, social psychology studies have documented the automaticity of imitation and mimicry in humans, a feature that also maps well onto some recently disclosed neurophysiological bases of imitatio ...
Dynamics of Propofol-Induced Loss of Consciousness Across
... field potentials (LFPs) and EEG signals are often decoupled due to a variety of electrophysiological and anatomical variables (Musall et al., 2014). A widely used EEG monitor failed to reduce the incidence of intraoperative awareness (Avidan et al., 2011), highlighting the potential lack of sensitiv ...
... field potentials (LFPs) and EEG signals are often decoupled due to a variety of electrophysiological and anatomical variables (Musall et al., 2014). A widely used EEG monitor failed to reduce the incidence of intraoperative awareness (Avidan et al., 2011), highlighting the potential lack of sensitiv ...
Neurophysiological bases underlying the organization of intentional
... at two distinct levels: prior intentions (e.g. to replace a burned out light bulb later on) and intention-in-action (i.e. the internal state that guides and monitors the arm lifting movement while reaching the light bulb). Several other theorists followed this dualistic approach, distinguishing betw ...
... at two distinct levels: prior intentions (e.g. to replace a burned out light bulb later on) and intention-in-action (i.e. the internal state that guides and monitors the arm lifting movement while reaching the light bulb). Several other theorists followed this dualistic approach, distinguishing betw ...
States of Consciuosnes
... Directly proposed hypnotic suggestions cannot make you do anything against your morals, religion, or self-preservation. ...
... Directly proposed hypnotic suggestions cannot make you do anything against your morals, religion, or self-preservation. ...
The Nature of Behavioral Neuroscience
... Thus, we have studied perceptual processes, control of movement, sleep and waking, reproductive behaviors, ingestive behaviors, emotional behaviors, learning, and language. In recent years we have begun to study the physiology of pathological conditions, such as addictions and mental disorders. ...
... Thus, we have studied perceptual processes, control of movement, sleep and waking, reproductive behaviors, ingestive behaviors, emotional behaviors, learning, and language. In recent years we have begun to study the physiology of pathological conditions, such as addictions and mental disorders. ...
Research paper : Why the Mirror Neurons Cannot Support
... Imagine a bee flying towards a flower. We (non-experts on bee studies) do not know the biomechanics and neurodynamics of its movements; we cannot imagine ourselves “in the mental shoes” of a flying insect. We cannot internally simulate its actions. But we do understand the goal of its action; it is ...
... Imagine a bee flying towards a flower. We (non-experts on bee studies) do not know the biomechanics and neurodynamics of its movements; we cannot imagine ourselves “in the mental shoes” of a flying insect. We cannot internally simulate its actions. But we do understand the goal of its action; it is ...
Vertebrate brains and evolutionary connectomics: on the origins of
... argued, and continue to argue, that there are some brain structures unique to humans, and that must explain man’s special status on this planet. Strangely, for much of the past century, many contemporary neurobiologists have taken an intermediate position, arguing that even if the neocortex is commo ...
... argued, and continue to argue, that there are some brain structures unique to humans, and that must explain man’s special status on this planet. Strangely, for much of the past century, many contemporary neurobiologists have taken an intermediate position, arguing that even if the neocortex is commo ...
A Curious Commentary on a Book on Mirror Neurons and Other
... in a situation of having to rebound free throw shots if the shot misses, which provides a competitive advantage in learning to predict the outcome of others’ shots. This is not the case for expert or novice watchers who do not have to use the visual information to select time-sensitive appropriate a ...
... in a situation of having to rebound free throw shots if the shot misses, which provides a competitive advantage in learning to predict the outcome of others’ shots. This is not the case for expert or novice watchers who do not have to use the visual information to select time-sensitive appropriate a ...
Mirror Neurons and Mirror Systems in Monkeys and Humans
... in the premotor and parietal cortex of the monkey. Subsequent neurophysiologanism is also present in humans. According to its anatomical locations, mirror and emotion feeling. Mirror neurons are a class of neurons that become active both when individuals perform a specific motor act and when they ob ...
... in the premotor and parietal cortex of the monkey. Subsequent neurophysiologanism is also present in humans. According to its anatomical locations, mirror and emotion feeling. Mirror neurons are a class of neurons that become active both when individuals perform a specific motor act and when they ob ...
Evolutionary roots offreedom
... cortex and freedom adopt in the human pivotal positions between an experiential convergent past and a divergent future of possibilities - and probabilities. ...
... cortex and freedom adopt in the human pivotal positions between an experiential convergent past and a divergent future of possibilities - and probabilities. ...
Printable Activities
... specialized and began to "distribute" their functions to the point that it was an evolutionary success, because these divisions generated different systems that can be found in most individual animals (nervous, digestive, respiratory, circulatory, etc.). For this reason, evolutionary advantages were ...
... specialized and began to "distribute" their functions to the point that it was an evolutionary success, because these divisions generated different systems that can be found in most individual animals (nervous, digestive, respiratory, circulatory, etc.). For this reason, evolutionary advantages were ...
Cognitive Science: Emerging Perspectives and Approaches
... outputs and a fixed neural architecture. Mostly low-level processes are modular and highlevel processes like memory are not modular. Pylyshyn (1999) has emphasized that the most important aspect of a module is encapsulation i.e., the processes inside a module are not subject to cognitive influences ...
... outputs and a fixed neural architecture. Mostly low-level processes are modular and highlevel processes like memory are not modular. Pylyshyn (1999) has emphasized that the most important aspect of a module is encapsulation i.e., the processes inside a module are not subject to cognitive influences ...
Review of "Evolution of the Brain: Creation of the Self" by John Eccles
... beyond chance and necessity at least in the transcendence that brought forth human creatures gifted with self-consciousness (Eccles, 1989, p. ...
... beyond chance and necessity at least in the transcendence that brought forth human creatures gifted with self-consciousness (Eccles, 1989, p. ...
The Information Processing Mechanism of the Brain
... in essence, the neural network is a unit that performs processing of activity patterns.) There is reason to recap the central properties of a neural network. A neural network can be modelled in a simple physical mechanism, which can be studied in computer simulations. This model captures the essenti ...
... in essence, the neural network is a unit that performs processing of activity patterns.) There is reason to recap the central properties of a neural network. A neural network can be modelled in a simple physical mechanism, which can be studied in computer simulations. This model captures the essenti ...
Document
... movements. Virtually, all behaviors are either hard-wired in reflex circuits or are programmed in basal ganglia during development. For the most part, the conscious MIND is the decision-maker for initiation of movement for willful simple motions or selection of patternedmotor responses from a repert ...
... movements. Virtually, all behaviors are either hard-wired in reflex circuits or are programmed in basal ganglia during development. For the most part, the conscious MIND is the decision-maker for initiation of movement for willful simple motions or selection of patternedmotor responses from a repert ...
A thalamic reticular networking model of consciousness
... [Hypotheses]: The present study hypothesizes that the TRN plays a pivotal role in dynamic attention by controlling thalamocortical synchronization. The TRN is thus viewed as a functional networking filter to regulate conscious perception, which is possibly embedded in thalamocortical networks. Based ...
... [Hypotheses]: The present study hypothesizes that the TRN plays a pivotal role in dynamic attention by controlling thalamocortical synchronization. The TRN is thus viewed as a functional networking filter to regulate conscious perception, which is possibly embedded in thalamocortical networks. Based ...
DOC - Cognitive Computing Research Group
... conclusions, and offers an easy point of attack for those that are skeptical about the cognitive facilities of non-human animals. Hence, in order to develop cross fertilizations among researchers studying similar phenomenon in different species, a set of operational definitions for critical terms th ...
... conclusions, and offers an easy point of attack for those that are skeptical about the cognitive facilities of non-human animals. Hence, in order to develop cross fertilizations among researchers studying similar phenomenon in different species, a set of operational definitions for critical terms th ...
- White Rose Research Online
... were present during the Ediacaran period (635 to 542 mya)2 at the end of Neoproterozoic era, and are likely to have been the first animals to evolve nervous systems of any kind. There is still a great deal to be learned about the functional architecture of cnidarian nervous systems, however, existin ...
... were present during the Ediacaran period (635 to 542 mya)2 at the end of Neoproterozoic era, and are likely to have been the first animals to evolve nervous systems of any kind. There is still a great deal to be learned about the functional architecture of cnidarian nervous systems, however, existin ...
Forced moves or good tricks in design space? Landmarks in the
... were present during the Ediacaran period (635 to 542 mya)2 at the end of Neoproterozoic era, and are likely to have been the first animals to evolve nervous systems of any kind. There is still a great deal to be learned about the functional architecture of cnidarian nervous systems, however, existin ...
... were present during the Ediacaran period (635 to 542 mya)2 at the end of Neoproterozoic era, and are likely to have been the first animals to evolve nervous systems of any kind. There is still a great deal to be learned about the functional architecture of cnidarian nervous systems, however, existin ...
Chapter 7 States of Consciousness II
... brain engages in a lot of random neural activity. Dreams make sense of this activity. 5. Cognitive Development: Some researchers argue that we dream as a part of brain maturation and cognitive development. All dream researchers believe we need REM sleep. When deprived of REM sleep and then allowed t ...
... brain engages in a lot of random neural activity. Dreams make sense of this activity. 5. Cognitive Development: Some researchers argue that we dream as a part of brain maturation and cognitive development. All dream researchers believe we need REM sleep. When deprived of REM sleep and then allowed t ...
Proceedings of 2013 BMI the Second International Conference on
... The era where humans can understand how their brains work seems to have arrived, although any understanding of the nature is always an approximation. When a model can predict observed data well, the model is a good approximation in terms of the observed data. The subject of brain-mind is closely rel ...
... The era where humans can understand how their brains work seems to have arrived, although any understanding of the nature is always an approximation. When a model can predict observed data well, the model is a good approximation in terms of the observed data. The subject of brain-mind is closely rel ...
Evolution of Vertebrate Brains - CIHR Group in Sensory
... consciousness, it is completely unsupported by the massive amount of data on evolution, not only for the brain but for all characters across the board. This concept not only errs in implying a direction to evolution, which it does not have except in terms of responses to externally driven selective ...
... consciousness, it is completely unsupported by the massive amount of data on evolution, not only for the brain but for all characters across the board. This concept not only errs in implying a direction to evolution, which it does not have except in terms of responses to externally driven selective ...
Constructivist Framework for Understanding Pain
... conscious and, when intense, dominates awareness; and c) it cannot explain why the fit of tissue trauma to pain report is usually poor and, in the case of chronic pain, often absent. Moreover, this perspective does not integrate naturally with ongoing, parallel research in the fields of emotion, cog ...
... conscious and, when intense, dominates awareness; and c) it cannot explain why the fit of tissue trauma to pain report is usually poor and, in the case of chronic pain, often absent. Moreover, this perspective does not integrate naturally with ongoing, parallel research in the fields of emotion, cog ...
empathize with fictional characters
... Furthermore, research on how language conveys meaning has suggested that linguistic meaning must be grounded in perceptual and motor experiences associated with bodily activity. The abstract symbols of language cannot relate only to other abstract symbols, but must be mapped to the world, if they ar ...
... Furthermore, research on how language conveys meaning has suggested that linguistic meaning must be grounded in perceptual and motor experiences associated with bodily activity. The abstract symbols of language cannot relate only to other abstract symbols, but must be mapped to the world, if they ar ...
Animal consciousness
Animal consciousness, or animal awareness, is the quality or state of self-awareness within an animal, or, of being aware of an external object or something within itself. In humans, consciousness has been defined as: sentience, awareness, subjectivity, qualia, the ability to experience or to feel, wakefulness, having a sense of selfhood, and the executive control system of the mind. Despite the difficulty in definition, many philosophers believe there is a broadly shared underlying intuition about what consciousness is.The topic of animal consciousness is beset with a number of difficulties. It poses the problem of other minds in an especially severe form because animals, lacking the ability to express human language, cannot tell us about their experiences. Also, it is difficult to reason objectively about the question, because a denial that an animal is conscious is often taken to imply that it does not feel, its life has no value, and that harming it is not morally wrong. The 17th-century French philosopher René Descartes, for example, has sometimes been blamed for mistreatment of animals because he argued that only humans are conscious.Philosophers who consider subjective experience the essence of consciousness also generally believe, as a correlate, that the existence and nature of animal consciousness can never rigorously be known. The American philosopher Thomas Nagel spelled out this point of view in an influential essay titled What Is it Like to Be a Bat?. He said that an organism is conscious ""if and only if there is something that it is like to be that organism — something it is like for the organism""; and he argued that no matter how much we know about an animal's brain and behavior, we can never really put ourselves into the mind of the animal and experience its world in the way it does itself. Other thinkers, such as the cognitive scientist Douglas Hofstadter, dismiss this argument as incoherent. Several psychologists and ethologists have argued for the existence of animal consciousness by describing a range of behaviors that appear to show animals holding beliefs about things they cannot directly perceive — Donald Griffin's 2001 book Animal Minds reviews a substantial portion of the evidence.Animal consciousness has been actively researched for over 100 years. In 1927 the American functional psychologist Harvey Carr argued that any valid measure or understanding of awareness in animals depends on ""an accurate and complete knowledge of its essential conditions in man"". A more recent review concluded in 1985 that ""the best approach is to use experiment (especially psychophysics) and observation to trace the dawning and ontogeny of self-consciousness, perception, communication, intention, beliefs, and reflection in normal human fetuses, infants, and children.""