A Cognitive Computation Fallacy?
... psychology [1] neuroscientists have attempted to define the fundamental features of the brain and its information-processing capabilities in terms of (i) mean firing rates at points in the brain cortex (neurons) and (ii) computations; today the prevailing view in neuroscience is that neurons can be ...
... psychology [1] neuroscientists have attempted to define the fundamental features of the brain and its information-processing capabilities in terms of (i) mean firing rates at points in the brain cortex (neurons) and (ii) computations; today the prevailing view in neuroscience is that neurons can be ...
Paper titles and abstracts Dan Arnold: "Perception and the
... Sonam Kachru: "Who's Afraid of Non-Conceptual Content? Rehabilitating Dignāga's Criterion for what is Perceptually Evident" This essay offers a new interpretation of Dignāga's appeal to non-conceptual content when defining perception, or as a criterion for what is perceptually evident. I will prese ...
... Sonam Kachru: "Who's Afraid of Non-Conceptual Content? Rehabilitating Dignāga's Criterion for what is Perceptually Evident" This essay offers a new interpretation of Dignāga's appeal to non-conceptual content when defining perception, or as a criterion for what is perceptually evident. I will prese ...
The neural subjective frame: from bodily signals to perceptual
... in the influential paper by Crick & Koch [21, p. 264], ‘there is also the problem of qualia. Some argue that certain aspects of consciousness [. . .], being essentially private, cannot in principle be addressed in any objective, scientific study. We feel that this difficult issue is, for the moment, ...
... in the influential paper by Crick & Koch [21, p. 264], ‘there is also the problem of qualia. Some argue that certain aspects of consciousness [. . .], being essentially private, cannot in principle be addressed in any objective, scientific study. We feel that this difficult issue is, for the moment, ...
BIOFEEDBACK AND YOGA
... February, 1974, meeting of the Biofeedback Research Society that a number of epileptic patients had learned, through EEG feedback, to select brainwave patterns that militated against the appearance of epilepsy (which might be thought of as an "electrical storm" in the brain). Their results imply tha ...
... February, 1974, meeting of the Biofeedback Research Society that a number of epileptic patients had learned, through EEG feedback, to select brainwave patterns that militated against the appearance of epilepsy (which might be thought of as an "electrical storm" in the brain). Their results imply tha ...
PSYCHOLOGY (8th Edition) David Myers
... What is consciousness? Strictly defined as a mental state characterized by an awareness of ourselves and our environment To what extent is it a slippery concept? More broadly conceived, it is a mental reality(one of many) ...
... What is consciousness? Strictly defined as a mental state characterized by an awareness of ourselves and our environment To what extent is it a slippery concept? More broadly conceived, it is a mental reality(one of many) ...
Chaos, Quantum-transactions and Consciousness
... While such an explanation does not address the basis of subjectivity, it does help explain some of the more bizarre states of consciousness and is supported by many actively constructive aspects of sensory processing. Such an internal model can be described in terms of dynamical brain processes whic ...
... While such an explanation does not address the basis of subjectivity, it does help explain some of the more bizarre states of consciousness and is supported by many actively constructive aspects of sensory processing. Such an internal model can be described in terms of dynamical brain processes whic ...
What Are Emotional States, and Why Do We
... Selecting between available rewards with their associated costs, and avoiding punishers with their associated costs, is a process that can take place both implicitly (unconsciously) and explicitly using a language system to enable long-term plans to be made (Rolls, 2005b, 2008b). These many diffe ...
... Selecting between available rewards with their associated costs, and avoiding punishers with their associated costs, is a process that can take place both implicitly (unconsciously) and explicitly using a language system to enable long-term plans to be made (Rolls, 2005b, 2008b). These many diffe ...
8 pages - Science for Monks
... person who knows they are dreaming —or, if not, when they wake they are able to narrate their dream sequence by sequence. So what happens during sleep? There are no external stimuli. The brain is by itself with its own intrinsic activity, and this intrinsic activity is largely dependent on how my ne ...
... person who knows they are dreaming —or, if not, when they wake they are able to narrate their dream sequence by sequence. So what happens during sleep? There are no external stimuli. The brain is by itself with its own intrinsic activity, and this intrinsic activity is largely dependent on how my ne ...
Ariel Sarver - the IDeA Lab!
... Another region in which brain structure abnormalities are often observed in autistic patients is the amygdala. In doctoral studies at the University of California at Davis in 2005, Cynthia Mills Schumann observed that autistic boys between the ages of seven and twelve have larger amygdalas than the ...
... Another region in which brain structure abnormalities are often observed in autistic patients is the amygdala. In doctoral studies at the University of California at Davis in 2005, Cynthia Mills Schumann observed that autistic boys between the ages of seven and twelve have larger amygdalas than the ...
On Form, Mind and Matter (with special reference to `Crystal Souls
... of our time between molecular biology..... and the study of whole organisms, societies, etc... are really artificial’ (A. MACKAY , this issue). At least this conflict has lasted more than some thousand years of human culture, taking Plato’s reaction to Presocratic materialism as an early document of ...
... of our time between molecular biology..... and the study of whole organisms, societies, etc... are really artificial’ (A. MACKAY , this issue). At least this conflict has lasted more than some thousand years of human culture, taking Plato’s reaction to Presocratic materialism as an early document of ...
File
... Recent empirical evidence supports NLP’s explanation for this difficulty in learning, and that direct modelling is an example of a context where internal dialogue hinders learning. Phase 2 of modelling – the disengagement of conscious (linguistic) filters and the unconscious uptake (implicit learnin ...
... Recent empirical evidence supports NLP’s explanation for this difficulty in learning, and that direct modelling is an example of a context where internal dialogue hinders learning. Phase 2 of modelling – the disengagement of conscious (linguistic) filters and the unconscious uptake (implicit learnin ...
9 The Hazards of Claiming to Have Solved the Hard Problem of Free
... have begun with Libet’s experiments on the timing of conscious choice. In order to locate the temporal position of the conscious willing of an action in the chain of events that led up to the performance of a voluntary action, Libet and his colleagues (1983) designed an apparatus to measure self rep ...
... have begun with Libet’s experiments on the timing of conscious choice. In order to locate the temporal position of the conscious willing of an action in the chain of events that led up to the performance of a voluntary action, Libet and his colleagues (1983) designed an apparatus to measure self rep ...
Daniel Dennett on the Nature of Consciousness
... even at such a small timescale, there would be conscious experience; the conscious events would simply not be remembered. In the other scenario, the conscious experience would not have occurred at all. Indeed, even if the subject herself could not report a difference because, for instance, she could ...
... even at such a small timescale, there would be conscious experience; the conscious events would simply not be remembered. In the other scenario, the conscious experience would not have occurred at all. Indeed, even if the subject herself could not report a difference because, for instance, she could ...
Searle on Emergence
... Drawing on this assumption, it is not surprising that a similar “mechanism“ is present in the case of neurons and consciousness. Searle is well aware that we don’t know the exact conditions of emergence of consciousness; he presents the mechanism of emergence as an attempt to bridge the gap in our k ...
... Drawing on this assumption, it is not surprising that a similar “mechanism“ is present in the case of neurons and consciousness. Searle is well aware that we don’t know the exact conditions of emergence of consciousness; he presents the mechanism of emergence as an attempt to bridge the gap in our k ...
a remnant chloroplast, with an References
... people attend to the how or why of other people’s actions. Progress in this field suffered from a division into two camps [2], who have taken different views of how the neural processes underlying our understanding of what others are doing. One of the camps has taken the view that this involves a pr ...
... people attend to the how or why of other people’s actions. Progress in this field suffered from a division into two camps [2], who have taken different views of how the neural processes underlying our understanding of what others are doing. One of the camps has taken the view that this involves a pr ...
Thinking About Thinking
... Rather than starting by explaining conscious mind, I find it more fruitful to take an opposite approach, beginning with operations of the simplest levels, first nonconscious mind and then subconscious mind, eventually leading to an attempt to explain conscious mind (which I do in the last chapter). ...
... Rather than starting by explaining conscious mind, I find it more fruitful to take an opposite approach, beginning with operations of the simplest levels, first nonconscious mind and then subconscious mind, eventually leading to an attempt to explain conscious mind (which I do in the last chapter). ...
Brain Architecture for an Intelligent Stream of Consciousness
... rooms, passageways, and so on; seeing a book that you used in college can bring forth memories of what you learned in those days. Cues are essential to memory retrieval. Cues need to be chosen judiciously from the current contents of conscious STM. If the available cues do not result in a recall, ed ...
... rooms, passageways, and so on; seeing a book that you used in college can bring forth memories of what you learned in those days. Cues are essential to memory retrieval. Cues need to be chosen judiciously from the current contents of conscious STM. If the available cues do not result in a recall, ed ...
Did the ctenophore nervous system evolve independently?
... is that the earliest ancestors of extant animals lacked neural cell types (Willmer, 1990). Later, a primitive nervous system arose that allowed for more sophisticated interactions with the environment. Recently, phylogenetic analyses of transcriptomic data from many animals (Dunn et al., 2008; Hejno ...
... is that the earliest ancestors of extant animals lacked neural cell types (Willmer, 1990). Later, a primitive nervous system arose that allowed for more sophisticated interactions with the environment. Recently, phylogenetic analyses of transcriptomic data from many animals (Dunn et al., 2008; Hejno ...
what distinguishes conscious experience from unconscious processes
... ‘light up’ when a person reports possessing a particular conscious experience (Haynes and Rees, Decoding mental). We are led to believe that the activity of a particular neuron, or a specific group of neurons, is what constitutes a representation of a thing, and that the firing of these neurons is w ...
... ‘light up’ when a person reports possessing a particular conscious experience (Haynes and Rees, Decoding mental). We are led to believe that the activity of a particular neuron, or a specific group of neurons, is what constitutes a representation of a thing, and that the firing of these neurons is w ...
The mirror system hypothesis
... actions. However, as we saw earlier, only humans have “complex imitation”, the ability to imitate sequences of behaviors and approximate novel actions as variants of known actions after one or just a few viewings of this novel behavior. As backdrop for our own work, we draw some important lessons fr ...
... actions. However, as we saw earlier, only humans have “complex imitation”, the ability to imitate sequences of behaviors and approximate novel actions as variants of known actions after one or just a few viewings of this novel behavior. As backdrop for our own work, we draw some important lessons fr ...
the mirror system hypothesis: from a macaque
... S2: A mirror system for grasping, shared with the common ancestor of human and monkey. S3: A system for simple imitation of grasping shared with the common ancestor of human and chimpanzee. The next 3 stages distinguish the hominid line from that of the great apes: S4: A complex imitation system for ...
... S2: A mirror system for grasping, shared with the common ancestor of human and monkey. S3: A system for simple imitation of grasping shared with the common ancestor of human and chimpanzee. The next 3 stages distinguish the hominid line from that of the great apes: S4: A complex imitation system for ...
THE MIRROR SYSTEM HYPOTHESIS: FROM A MACAQUE
... S2: A mirror system for grasping, shared with the common ancestor of human and monkey. S3: A system for simple imitation of grasping shared with the common ancestor of human and chimpanzee. The next 3 stages distinguish the hominid line from that of the great apes: S4: A complex imitation system for ...
... S2: A mirror system for grasping, shared with the common ancestor of human and monkey. S3: A system for simple imitation of grasping shared with the common ancestor of human and chimpanzee. The next 3 stages distinguish the hominid line from that of the great apes: S4: A complex imitation system for ...
Convergent evolution of complex brains and high intelligence
... above-defined sense of higher cognitive abilities are found among ecdysozoan invertebrates in some orders of insects (e.g. in blattoids, dipterans, hymenopterans) and among lophotrochozoans in octopodid molluscs (cf. [6]), among vertebrates in some teleost taxa (e.g. cichlids), in corvid and psittac ...
... above-defined sense of higher cognitive abilities are found among ecdysozoan invertebrates in some orders of insects (e.g. in blattoids, dipterans, hymenopterans) and among lophotrochozoans in octopodid molluscs (cf. [6]), among vertebrates in some teleost taxa (e.g. cichlids), in corvid and psittac ...
Anatomical and physiological bases of consciousness and sleep
... Anatomical and physiological bases of consciousness and sleep wake cycle ...
... Anatomical and physiological bases of consciousness and sleep wake cycle ...
Chapter 3 - Somerset Academy
... many forms, while other mental processes occur simultaneously outside our awareness ...
... many forms, while other mental processes occur simultaneously outside our awareness ...
Animal consciousness
Animal consciousness, or animal awareness, is the quality or state of self-awareness within an animal, or, of being aware of an external object or something within itself. In humans, consciousness has been defined as: sentience, awareness, subjectivity, qualia, the ability to experience or to feel, wakefulness, having a sense of selfhood, and the executive control system of the mind. Despite the difficulty in definition, many philosophers believe there is a broadly shared underlying intuition about what consciousness is.The topic of animal consciousness is beset with a number of difficulties. It poses the problem of other minds in an especially severe form because animals, lacking the ability to express human language, cannot tell us about their experiences. Also, it is difficult to reason objectively about the question, because a denial that an animal is conscious is often taken to imply that it does not feel, its life has no value, and that harming it is not morally wrong. The 17th-century French philosopher René Descartes, for example, has sometimes been blamed for mistreatment of animals because he argued that only humans are conscious.Philosophers who consider subjective experience the essence of consciousness also generally believe, as a correlate, that the existence and nature of animal consciousness can never rigorously be known. The American philosopher Thomas Nagel spelled out this point of view in an influential essay titled What Is it Like to Be a Bat?. He said that an organism is conscious ""if and only if there is something that it is like to be that organism — something it is like for the organism""; and he argued that no matter how much we know about an animal's brain and behavior, we can never really put ourselves into the mind of the animal and experience its world in the way it does itself. Other thinkers, such as the cognitive scientist Douglas Hofstadter, dismiss this argument as incoherent. Several psychologists and ethologists have argued for the existence of animal consciousness by describing a range of behaviors that appear to show animals holding beliefs about things they cannot directly perceive — Donald Griffin's 2001 book Animal Minds reviews a substantial portion of the evidence.Animal consciousness has been actively researched for over 100 years. In 1927 the American functional psychologist Harvey Carr argued that any valid measure or understanding of awareness in animals depends on ""an accurate and complete knowledge of its essential conditions in man"". A more recent review concluded in 1985 that ""the best approach is to use experiment (especially psychophysics) and observation to trace the dawning and ontogeny of self-consciousness, perception, communication, intention, beliefs, and reflection in normal human fetuses, infants, and children.""