Three Controversial Hypotheses Concerning Computation in the
... tion, and then an overlapping network of areas might support another. This distributed circuits view is compatible with Jerry Fodor’s influential conception of cognitive modules based on specificity of input and informational encapsulation (Fodor 1984) rather than simple locality. Some evolutionary ...
... tion, and then an overlapping network of areas might support another. This distributed circuits view is compatible with Jerry Fodor’s influential conception of cognitive modules based on specificity of input and informational encapsulation (Fodor 1984) rather than simple locality. Some evolutionary ...
The mind-body problem
... the direct psycho-physiological correlation which inevitably results in understanding the mental and physiological processes either as identical, parallel (then psychic appears to be an epiphenomenon), or as interacting (thus admitting the influence of non-material mind on brain matter). These solut ...
... the direct psycho-physiological correlation which inevitably results in understanding the mental and physiological processes either as identical, parallel (then psychic appears to be an epiphenomenon), or as interacting (thus admitting the influence of non-material mind on brain matter). These solut ...
The mind-body problem - BECS / CoE in
... the direct psycho-physiological correlation which inevitably results in understanding the mental and physiological processes either as identical, parallel (then psychic appears to be an epiphenomenon), or as interacting (thus admitting the influence of non-material mind on brain matter). These solut ...
... the direct psycho-physiological correlation which inevitably results in understanding the mental and physiological processes either as identical, parallel (then psychic appears to be an epiphenomenon), or as interacting (thus admitting the influence of non-material mind on brain matter). These solut ...
Myers Module Nine
... Social influence theory of hypnosis. (Spanos & Coe, 1992,mp112,cp111). Milgram, 1974: An authoritative person in a legitimate context can induce people--hypnotized or not--to perform some unlikely acts. Hypnosis is more likely to be an extreme form of dissociation--a split between different levels o ...
... Social influence theory of hypnosis. (Spanos & Coe, 1992,mp112,cp111). Milgram, 1974: An authoritative person in a legitimate context can induce people--hypnotized or not--to perform some unlikely acts. Hypnosis is more likely to be an extreme form of dissociation--a split between different levels o ...
Consciousness and Sleep
... Cortisol secretion- which is the adrenal stress hormone, also follows a circadian rhythm that is tied to the sleep period. Its secretion begins to rise shortly after falling asleep and continues to rise through the night. Illumination- The circadian sleep-wake cycle is obviously influenced to some e ...
... Cortisol secretion- which is the adrenal stress hormone, also follows a circadian rhythm that is tied to the sleep period. Its secretion begins to rise shortly after falling asleep and continues to rise through the night. Illumination- The circadian sleep-wake cycle is obviously influenced to some e ...
NervousSystem2
... a conditioned reflex. Such an action’s taking place due to the animal’s perception of stimuli is a learned response. Such actions are present only after the animal has learned the appropriate response. They are to be distinguished from pathways that result in action but have not reached the cerebral ...
... a conditioned reflex. Such an action’s taking place due to the animal’s perception of stimuli is a learned response. Such actions are present only after the animal has learned the appropriate response. They are to be distinguished from pathways that result in action but have not reached the cerebral ...
The fish: What potential for awareness?
... that avoidance learning, or fear conditioning, is an example of implicit learning (or procedural representation) and requires no conscious awareness. Indeed, the ability to learn is observed in all vertebrates, even decerebrate ones (McPhail 1998). The alternate school of thought is, obviously, th ...
... that avoidance learning, or fear conditioning, is an example of implicit learning (or procedural representation) and requires no conscious awareness. Indeed, the ability to learn is observed in all vertebrates, even decerebrate ones (McPhail 1998). The alternate school of thought is, obviously, th ...
The Brain, Consciousness, and the Afterlife
... trying to filter sense from nonsense, especially since skeptics often adopt the position that those who believe in immortality consider that because their claims have not been disproved. The problem with consciousness is that it is very hard to be defined and it implicates too many different things. ...
... trying to filter sense from nonsense, especially since skeptics often adopt the position that those who believe in immortality consider that because their claims have not been disproved. The problem with consciousness is that it is very hard to be defined and it implicates too many different things. ...
Evolution of Herding Behavior in Artificial Animals
... We have created a simulated world ("BioLand") designed to support experiments on the evolution of cooperation, competition, and communication. In this particular experiment we have simulated the evolution of herding behavior in prey animals. We placed a population of simulated prey animals into an e ...
... We have created a simulated world ("BioLand") designed to support experiments on the evolution of cooperation, competition, and communication. In this particular experiment we have simulated the evolution of herding behavior in prey animals. We placed a population of simulated prey animals into an e ...
Bio-Psycho-Social influences on drug use: States of Consciousness
... Hypnosis: a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur. Posthypnotic suggestion: a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no l ...
... Hypnosis: a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur. Posthypnotic suggestion: a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no l ...
Consciousness:our awareness of ourselves and our
... Hypnosis: a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur. Posthypnotic suggestion: a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no ...
... Hypnosis: a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur. Posthypnotic suggestion: a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no ...
trans - RUF International
... Yes, if the conditions are right. A neural pulse traveling from neuron to neuron can get back to its origin and initiate a new pulse if the travel time is longer than the absolute refractory period (typically 2 msec). The propagation speed along a neuron is in the order of magnitude of 50 m/sec. Eve ...
... Yes, if the conditions are right. A neural pulse traveling from neuron to neuron can get back to its origin and initiate a new pulse if the travel time is longer than the absolute refractory period (typically 2 msec). The propagation speed along a neuron is in the order of magnitude of 50 m/sec. Eve ...
trans - RUF International
... Yes, if the conditions are right. A neural pulse traveling from neuron to neuron can get back to its origin and initiate a new pulse if the travel time is longer than the absolute refractory period (typically 2 msec). The propagation speed along a neuron is in the order of magnitude of 50 m/sec. Eve ...
... Yes, if the conditions are right. A neural pulse traveling from neuron to neuron can get back to its origin and initiate a new pulse if the travel time is longer than the absolute refractory period (typically 2 msec). The propagation speed along a neuron is in the order of magnitude of 50 m/sec. Eve ...
The triune organism – an abstract
... Even the objectivistic hypothesis (H2) has its relative justification: Spatially viewed, we are indeed confronted with certain objective, local structures, whether we are talking about organisms, organs or ecosystems. However, already ontogeny and phylogeny cross the limits of a perspective restrict ...
... Even the objectivistic hypothesis (H2) has its relative justification: Spatially viewed, we are indeed confronted with certain objective, local structures, whether we are talking about organisms, organs or ecosystems. However, already ontogeny and phylogeny cross the limits of a perspective restrict ...
SI L56 (upload) - Amitabha Buddhist Centre
... An worldly ordinary person realises that the reflection of a face is not an actual face. From the perspective of this person, the “image of a face” is not an obscurational truth, but a falsity. This is similar to the earlier section where we talked about how form appears and exists in the perspectiv ...
... An worldly ordinary person realises that the reflection of a face is not an actual face. From the perspective of this person, the “image of a face” is not an obscurational truth, but a falsity. This is similar to the earlier section where we talked about how form appears and exists in the perspectiv ...
Consciousness, Emotion, and Imagination: A Brain
... unconscious. A considerable body of empirical evidence in favour of this distinction has accumulated in recent years (Baars, 2002). The particular blend of serial and parallel computation favoured by global workspace theory suggests a way to address the frame problem – in the philosopher’s sense of ...
... unconscious. A considerable body of empirical evidence in favour of this distinction has accumulated in recent years (Baars, 2002). The particular blend of serial and parallel computation favoured by global workspace theory suggests a way to address the frame problem – in the philosopher’s sense of ...
SCIENCE AND RELIGION: Scientific
... experiments similar to the close-open eyes experiment, but with much more details. It was a culmination of several years of preliminary research. They used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to obtain 3-dimensional images of processes in the brain with mm-size resolution. But fMRI is a ―sl ...
... experiments similar to the close-open eyes experiment, but with much more details. It was a culmination of several years of preliminary research. They used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to obtain 3-dimensional images of processes in the brain with mm-size resolution. But fMRI is a ―sl ...
Consciousness Operates Beyond the Timescale
... cortex via reading packets of information called "time labels", produced by the right basal ganglia that act as brain timekeeper. Psychophysiological experiments performed have measured the subjective "time quanta" to be 40 ms and show that consciousness operates beyond that scale - an important res ...
... cortex via reading packets of information called "time labels", produced by the right basal ganglia that act as brain timekeeper. Psychophysiological experiments performed have measured the subjective "time quanta" to be 40 ms and show that consciousness operates beyond that scale - an important res ...
Evolution might select constructivism
... dendrite and synapse. Thus factors affecting synapse formation and location are just as important as those affecting dendritic growth. Following from this is a more general point that the addition of structure does not necessarily change the one-to-one connectivity that may have arisen from pruning. ...
... dendrite and synapse. Thus factors affecting synapse formation and location are just as important as those affecting dendritic growth. Following from this is a more general point that the addition of structure does not necessarily change the one-to-one connectivity that may have arisen from pruning. ...
Consciousness, Microtubules and The Quantum World
... I see five difficult features of consciousness. The first two we have already discussed: the hard problem of experience, and the unitary sense of self. Two others are free will and the transition from preconscious processing to consciousness itself. This transition problem is interesting because it ...
... I see five difficult features of consciousness. The first two we have already discussed: the hard problem of experience, and the unitary sense of self. Two others are free will and the transition from preconscious processing to consciousness itself. This transition problem is interesting because it ...
Neuroscience and the artist’s mind Peter Stupples
... customs, rehearse patterns of a commonly agreed sensorial experience of the world, reconstruct and reemphasise their version of a collective history, constitute themselves more broadly into a ‘culture’. These are reflexive and recursive processes: beliefs colour a culture’s experience of the world (w ...
... customs, rehearse patterns of a commonly agreed sensorial experience of the world, reconstruct and reemphasise their version of a collective history, constitute themselves more broadly into a ‘culture’. These are reflexive and recursive processes: beliefs colour a culture’s experience of the world (w ...
The Problem of Consciousness by Francis Crick and
... Exactly what the process is, however, has yet to be discovered. For many years after James penned The Principles of Psychology, consciousness was a taboo concept in American psychology because of the dominance of the behaviorist movement. With the advent of cognitive science in the mid-1950s, it bec ...
... Exactly what the process is, however, has yet to be discovered. For many years after James penned The Principles of Psychology, consciousness was a taboo concept in American psychology because of the dominance of the behaviorist movement. With the advent of cognitive science in the mid-1950s, it bec ...
Anesthesia, Consciousness and Hydrophobic Pockets
... proposed as the "neural correlates" from which consciousness emerges. This view is favored by reductionist and functionalist philosophers like Patricia Churchland (1986) and Daniel Dennett (1991), as well as proponents of "strong" artifi cial intelligence (AI) who foresee consciousness emerging from ...
... proposed as the "neural correlates" from which consciousness emerges. This view is favored by reductionist and functionalist philosophers like Patricia Churchland (1986) and Daniel Dennett (1991), as well as proponents of "strong" artifi cial intelligence (AI) who foresee consciousness emerging from ...
CE7427: Cognitive Neuroscience and Embedded Intelligence
... Many scientists (Wundt, Fechner, Helmholtz) developed psychophysics, linking sensory data with percepts. The Weber–Fechner law describes logarithmic relationship between the physical characteristics of stimuli and its perceived intensity. Experimental psychology labs started to investigate memory, a ...
... Many scientists (Wundt, Fechner, Helmholtz) developed psychophysics, linking sensory data with percepts. The Weber–Fechner law describes logarithmic relationship between the physical characteristics of stimuli and its perceived intensity. Experimental psychology labs started to investigate memory, a ...
FIRST BRAIN-TO-BRAIN INTERFACE ALLOWS TRANSMISSION
... interacting as part of a brain-net. In theory, you could imagine that a combination of brains could provide solutions that individual brains cannot achieve by themselves." Such a connection might even mean that one animal would incorporate another's sense of "self," he said. "In fact, our studies of ...
... interacting as part of a brain-net. In theory, you could imagine that a combination of brains could provide solutions that individual brains cannot achieve by themselves." Such a connection might even mean that one animal would incorporate another's sense of "self," he said. "In fact, our studies of ...
Animal consciousness
Animal consciousness, or animal awareness, is the quality or state of self-awareness within an animal, or, of being aware of an external object or something within itself. In humans, consciousness has been defined as: sentience, awareness, subjectivity, qualia, the ability to experience or to feel, wakefulness, having a sense of selfhood, and the executive control system of the mind. Despite the difficulty in definition, many philosophers believe there is a broadly shared underlying intuition about what consciousness is.The topic of animal consciousness is beset with a number of difficulties. It poses the problem of other minds in an especially severe form because animals, lacking the ability to express human language, cannot tell us about their experiences. Also, it is difficult to reason objectively about the question, because a denial that an animal is conscious is often taken to imply that it does not feel, its life has no value, and that harming it is not morally wrong. The 17th-century French philosopher René Descartes, for example, has sometimes been blamed for mistreatment of animals because he argued that only humans are conscious.Philosophers who consider subjective experience the essence of consciousness also generally believe, as a correlate, that the existence and nature of animal consciousness can never rigorously be known. The American philosopher Thomas Nagel spelled out this point of view in an influential essay titled What Is it Like to Be a Bat?. He said that an organism is conscious ""if and only if there is something that it is like to be that organism — something it is like for the organism""; and he argued that no matter how much we know about an animal's brain and behavior, we can never really put ourselves into the mind of the animal and experience its world in the way it does itself. Other thinkers, such as the cognitive scientist Douglas Hofstadter, dismiss this argument as incoherent. Several psychologists and ethologists have argued for the existence of animal consciousness by describing a range of behaviors that appear to show animals holding beliefs about things they cannot directly perceive — Donald Griffin's 2001 book Animal Minds reviews a substantial portion of the evidence.Animal consciousness has been actively researched for over 100 years. In 1927 the American functional psychologist Harvey Carr argued that any valid measure or understanding of awareness in animals depends on ""an accurate and complete knowledge of its essential conditions in man"". A more recent review concluded in 1985 that ""the best approach is to use experiment (especially psychophysics) and observation to trace the dawning and ontogeny of self-consciousness, perception, communication, intention, beliefs, and reflection in normal human fetuses, infants, and children.""