Download Final Exam Review Part II 1) The entire nervous system is divided

Final Exam Review Part II
1) The entire nervous system is divided into two main regions: The _________
A) Brain and the spinal chord
B) CNS and the PNS
C) Neurons and the glial cells
D) Motor neurons and the sensory neurons
2) The brain and the spinal cord are the _______ nervous system.
A) Peripheral
B) Autonomic
C) Entire
D) Central
3) All the nervous tissue outside the brain and spinal cord is the ______ nervous system.
A) Peripheral
B) Autonomic
C) Somatic
D) Central
4) Which of the following is not one of the basic functions of the nervous system?
A) Formulate responses to sensory stimulation
B) Send signals rapidly between body parts
C) Produce major body fluids such as plasma and interstitial tissue fluid
D) Detect sense stimuli
5) The cell type that carries out all the basic functions of the nervous system is the
A) Neuroglia
B) Neuron
C) Adipocyte
D) Schwann cell
6) The numerous, small extensions from the neuron’s cell body are known as the
A) axons.
B) nucleus.
C) axon collaterals.
D) dendrites.
7) A neuron generally has all of the following principle areas except
A) microvilli.
B) a cell body.
C) dendrites.
D) an axon.
8) The white fatty substance that coats axons to increase signal speed is
A) Myelin
B) Microfibrils
C) Dendrites
D) Adipocytes
9) A(n) ____ neuron transmits signals from the PNS to the central nervous system.
A) interneuron
B) sensory
C) motor
D) ganglion
10) A(n) ____ neuron transmits signals to muscles or glands from the CNS.
A) interneuron
B) sensory
C) motor
D) ganglion
11) An involuntary response by the nervous system to a stimulus is a
A) Synapse
B) Reflex
C) Motor response
D) Smooth muscle
12) The correct term for the electrical signal that travels through the axon of a neuron is a(n)
A) Synapse
B) Endocytosis
C) Action potential
D) Ion
13) Both the depolarization and repolarization changes that occur during the action potential are produced by
A) Ions moving across the cell membrane
B) Small neuroglial cells that act as batteries for the neuron itself
C) Negative stimuli
D) Enzymes creating new ions
14) The two major ions involved in depolarization and repolarization of the neuron are
A) Na+ and Ca2+
B) Ca2+ and K+
C) H2O and Fe2=
D) K+ and Na+
15) The movement of K+ out of the cell makes the inside of the cell less positive (more negative) and acts to restore
the original resting voltage of the neuron -a process called
A) depolarization.
B) hyperpolarization.
C) repolarization.
D) overshoot.
16) Arrange these action potential events in their proper sequence:
(1) The neuron is stimulated at the dendrites
(2) K+ gates open
(3) The neuron is in a polarized “resting” state
(4) Na+gates open
(5) The cell is fully depolarized
(6) The cell is fully repolarized
A) 1, 2, 4, 3, 5, 6
B) 3, 1, 4, 5, 2, 6
C) 4, 6, 2, 1, 5, 3
D) 1, 4, 2, 6, 5, 3
17) The small space that separates a neuron from its target cell is called the
A) Signal gap
B) Signal pathway
C) Dendrites
D) Synapse
18) Which of the following is not a function of neurons?
A) Detect sense stimuli.
B) Conduct electrical signals.
C) Release neurotransmitters.
D) All of these are neuron functions.
19) Any nerve that connects directly to the brain is called a
A) cranial nerve
B) nerve cephalique
C) mixed nerve
D) Brain process
20) The hollow fluid-filled spaces inside the brain are called
A) Ventricles
B) Gyri
C) Synapses
D) Cranial cavities
21) The brain is divided into ____ major regions
A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Six
22) Which of the four major brain regions is the largest in humans?
A) Cerebellum
B) Brain stem
C) Cerebrum
D) Diencephalon
23) The right and left halves of the cerebrum (the cerebral hemispheres) are connected to each other mainly by a
bundle of neuron axons called the
A) thalamus.
B) insula.
C) corpus cavernosum.
D) corpus callosum.
24) Which are not areas of the cerebrum?
A) Sensory signal receiving areas
B) Heart rate and breathing rate control areas
C) Logic and language areas
D) Motor signal generating areas
25) Damage to _______ causes a person to speak very slowly and with poor articulation.
A) Broca's area
B) Wernicke's area
C) the medulla oblongata
D) the corpus callosum
26) The area of the brain responsible for conscious thought, intellect, memory storage and processing, controlling the
movement of skeletal muscles, and sensation is the
A) thalamus.
B) cerebellum.
C) medulla oblongata.
D) cerebrum.
27) Which is not one of the three regions of the brain stem?
A) Midbrain
B) Pons
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Hypothalamus
28) The region of the CNS that contains the vital centers for regulating breathing rate, heart rate, and blood pressure
is the
A) thalamus.
B) cerebrum.
C) medulla oblongata.
D) cerebellum.
29) Damage to the cerebellum causes
A) uncontrollable hunger
B) coma.
C) loss of speech
D) loss of balance
30) Somatic motor neurons have axons that conduct signals from the CNS to ____; and are usually under ____
control.
A) Skeletal muscle; involuntary
B) Hollow organs; voluntary
C) Hollow organs; involuntary
D) Skeletal muscle; voluntary
31) Involuntary muscles and glands are innervated (stimulated by) neurons of the ______ nervous system
A) autonomic
B) somatic
C) sensory
D) central
32) Targets of the autonomic nervous system include all of the following except
A) cardiac muscle.
B) glands.
C) skeletal muscle.
D) smooth muscle in hollow organs.
33) The two major divisions of the ANS are
A) Peripheral and Central nervous systems
B) Voluntary and involuntary muscles
C) Sympathetic and parasympathetic
D) Neurons and neuroglia
34) Which ANS division is more active when we are relaxed and peaceful?
A) Parasympathetic
B) Voluntary
C) Peripheral
D) Central
35) The "fight or flight" response is the term used to describe activation of the ____.
A) parasympathetic division
B) sympathetic division
C) somatic nervous system
D) CNS
36) The effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons on the heart can best be described as
A) antagonistic.
B) identical
C) cooperative.
D) adrenergic
37) Damage to a part of the brain due to lack of blood flow to that specific brain part is called a
A) Stroke
B) Brain atherosclerosis
C) Cranial hypoxia
D) Cerebral palsy
Endocrine and Reproductive Systems
38) The endocrine system:
a) releases chemicals into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body
b) releases hormones that alter the metabolic activities of many different tissues and organs
c) produces effects that can last for hours, days, or even longer
d) all of the above
39) If you were to eat four sugar glaze doughnuts and a large pepsi, which hormone would you expect to be secreted
at higher levels:
a) insulin
b) epinephrine
c) glucagon
d) cortisol
e) oxytocin
40) Oxytocin is secreted by the:
a) adenohypophysis
b) neurohypophysis
c) zona glomerulosa
d) pars intermedia
e) cervix
41) A lack of or decrease in insulin hormone receptors on cells can result in:
a) diabetes insipidus
b) type I diabetes mellitus
c) type II diabetes mellitus
d) insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
e) juvenile diabetes
42) Which of the following characteristics is the same for the nervous and endocrine systems:
a) target cells affected
b) time to onset of actions
c) duration of actions
d) mechanism of signalling and communication
e) none of the above
43. Why do hormones cause changes only in specific body organs?
a. A hormone is carried to a specific location by tiny tubes.
b. A hormone interacts only with target cells, which fit together with that hormone.
c. A hormone is produced only in the location where it is needed.
d. A hormone works only through negative feedback.
44. The endocrine system acts on the body through chemical products called
a. hormones.
b. blood and saliva.
c. sugars.
d. target cells.
45. The endocrine system produces chemicals that
a. begin to function after puberty.
b. require a system of nerves to control many body activities.
c. travel to selected locations through tiny tubes.
d. control both daily activities and long term changes through hormones.
46. Which endocrine gland(s) communicate(s) with the hypothalamus to control many body activities,
including growth from infancy to adulthood?
a. adrenal glands
b. pancreas
c. pituitary gland
d. thyroid gland
47. The way the endocrine system maintains homeostasis is often compared to a(n)
a. violent thunderstorm that startles people and increases their heartbeat.
b. heating system that turns a furnace on and off to control a room’s temperature.
c. monthly cycle that releases an egg from an ovary.
d. period of human development that takes about nine months to be completed.
48. Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in the endocrine system?
a. When a hormone travels through the bloodstream, it will interact only with its target cells.
b. After age 40 or so, people’s muscle strength begins to decrease and their skin starts to wrinkle.
c. When people are startled by a frightening event, their heart beats faster
d. When the amount of a hormone reaches a certain level, the endocrine system stops the release of that hormone.
49. The endocrine system often uses a negative feedback process to
a. bring about fertilization.
b. control the production of eggs and sperm.
c. maintain homeostasis.
d. produce the proper number of chromosomes.
50. Which of the following structures is formed when fertilization occurs?
a. egg
b. ovary
c. sperm
d. zygote
51. The joining of a sperm and an egg is called
a. implantation.
b. ovulation.
c. fertilization.
d. menstruation.
52. Sperm are produced in the
a. bladder.
b. scrotum.
c. testes.
d. urethra.
53. The scrotum is part of the
a. menstrual cycle.
b. endocrine system.
c. female reproductive system.
d. male reproductive system.
54. Eggs are produced in the
a. ovaries.
b. fallopian tubes.
c. uterus.
d. vagina.
55. Human eggs are usually fertilized in the
a. uterus.
b. fallopian tube.
c. ovary.
d. cervix.
56. A mature egg is released from the ovary during a process called
a. fallopian tube.
b. ovulation.
c. menstruation.
d. fertilization.
57. In a female’s body, an egg develops in an ovary, and the uterus prepares for the arrival of a
fertilized egg during
a. homeostasis.
b. labor and delivery.
c. pregnancy.
d. the menstrual cycle.
58. When a human egg is not fertilized, extra blood and tissue from the uterus are released through the
vagina in a process called
a. menstruation.
b. elimination.
c. ovulation.
d. reproduction.
59. Where does a fertilized egg develop after it leaves the fallopian tube?
a. the cervix
b. the ovary
c. the uterus
d. the vagina
60. Which of the following describes the first nine months of human development in the correct order?
a. egg, sperm, zygote
b. embryo, fetus, afterbirth
c. zygote, embryo, fetus
d. zygote, fetus, embryo
61. Eating a healthy diet while pregnant is important because
a. nutrients from the mother help protect the fetus from dangerous chemicals.
b. nutrients from the mother pass directly to the fetus through the placenta.
c. proper nutrition will make the child a picky eater in the future.
d. a healthy diet will prevent viruses from passing through the placenta to the fetus.
62. Which of the following statements about the placenta is NOT true?
a. The placenta protects an embryo from alcohol and other harmful substances that might be present in the mother’s
blood.
b. In the placenta, the embryo’s and mother’s blood vessels are close to each other, but their blood does not mix.
c. Carbon dioxide and other wastes pass from the embryo through the placenta into
the mother’s blood.
d. The placenta prevents some diseases from spreading from the mother to the embryo.
63. You are a doctor helping to deliver a baby. As you rush to your patient’s room, the nurse tells you
that you are just in time for the afterbirth. What will be delivered?
a. a baby
b. the cervix
c. the placenta
d. the uterus