Download Chapter 8 - Nervous Pre-Test

Chapter 8 - Nervous Pre-Test
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. In a neuron, short, branching cytoplasmic extensions that receive information and carry it to the cell body are
called
A. dendrites.
B. axons.
C. cell bodies.
D. nissl bodies.
E. a myelin sheath.
2. The neuroglial cells that form a myelin sheath around axons are
A. the microglia.
B. the ependymal cells.
C. the Schwann cells.
D. the oligodendrocytes.
E. both the Schwann cells and the oligodendrocytes.
3. Gaps between segments of oligodendrocytes or between individual Schwann cells are called
A. ganglia.
B. microglia.
C. nodes of Ranvier.
D. ependymal cells.
E. nerve tracts.
4. The nodes of Ranvier
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
increase the conduction velocity of an action potential.
allow the current to flow easily between the extracellular fluid and the axon.
allow action potentials to develop.
allow for saltatory conduction of the action potential.
All of these are true of nodes of Ranvier.
5. White matter of the central nervous system
A. is formed by nerve cell bodies and their dendrites.
B. is formed by bundles of parallel axons with their myelin sheaths.
C. forms the cortex of the brain.
D. forms nuclei deep within the brain.
E. have all of these properties.
6. The resting membrane potential
A. occurs because the cell membrane is more permeable to potassium ions than sodium ions.
B. partly results from the sodium-potassium exchange pump.
C. occurs because the cell membrane remains polarized at rest.
D. occurs because there are negatively charged proteins and ions inside the cell.
E. has all of these contributing factors.
7. An action potential occurs
A. if the membrane potential reaches a threshold value.
B. when negative proteins and ions rapidly enter the cell.
C. when the inside of the cell becomes negative compared to the outside.
D. when there is repolarization.
E. All of these are correct.
8. Action potentials
A. are propagated more rapidly in unmyelinated axons.
B. jump between nodes of Ranvier.
C. occur in an all-or-none fashion.
D. do all of these.
E. jump between nodes of Ranvier and occur in an all-or-none fashion only.
9. TTX is a toxin that blocks the Na+ channels from opening. What effect would this have on the function of
neurons (specifically the A.P.)?
A. The neurons would depolarize more rapidly.
B. The neurons would be unable to depolarize.
C. The neurons would be unable to repolarize.
D. The neurons would reach threshold more rapidly.
E. It would have no effect on the A.P.
10. Chemical substances released from the presynaptic terminal
A. bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.
B. may inhibit or stimulate an action potential in the postsynaptic membrane depending on the receptors.
C. are normally broken down by enzymes located in the synapse.
D. are called neurotransmitters.
E. have all of these properties.
11. Which of the following is NOT an essential component of a reflex arc?
A. sensory receptor
B. afferent (sensory) neuron
C. spinal pathway
D. efferent (motor) neuron
E. effector organ
12. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of
A. the brain.
B. the spinal cord.
C. all the nerves and ganglia outside of the spinal cord.
D. the white and grey matter and the spinal cord.
E. the white matter and the ganglia.
13. The posterior (dorsal) horns of the spinal cord contain
A. sensory neurons.
B. motor neurons.
C. sympathetic autonomic neurons.
D. nerve tracts.
E. white matter.
14. Below are given the steps of the patellar reflex arc. What is the correct order of events from the time the
hammer taps the patellar ligament to the knee jerk response?
1) The leg extends at the knee.
2) Sensory neurons conduct the action potentials to the spinal cord.
3) Motor neurons are stimulated and generate an action potential.
4) Sensory neurons synapse with motor neurons in the spinal cord.
5) The AP travels to the quadriceps femoris and cause it to contract.
6) Sensory receptors in the muscle detect the stretch of the tendon and muscles.
A. 3, 4, 6, 2, 5, 1
B. 6, 2, 4, 3, 5, 1
C. 5, 3, 6, 2, 4, 1
D. 6, 5, 4, 2, 3, 1
E. 1, 5, 3, 4, 2, 6
15. The part of the brainstem that regulates heart rate, breathing, swallowing, coughing, and sneezing is
A. the cerebrum.
B. the medulla oblongata.
C. the pons.
D. the midbrain.
E. the spinal cord.
16. Four mounds, found in the roof of the midbrain, which are involved in integration of hearing and visual
reflexes are
A. the medullary pyramids.
B. the reticular formation.
C. the pons.
D. the colliculi.
E. both the medullary pyramids and the pons.
17. A group of nuclei scattered throughout the brainstem that play a role in arousing and maintaining
consciousness are collectively called the
A. reticular formation.
B. pons.
C. colliculi.
D. pyramids.
E. midbrain.
18. Most sensory input that ascends through the spinal cord and brainstem projects to the
A. pineal body.
B. hypothalamus.
C. thalamus.
D. mammillary bodies.
E. colliculi.
19. The part of the epithalamus that is an endocrine gland, is located posterior to the thalamus, and may
influence puberty, is the
A. reticular formation.
B. midbrain.
C. mammillary bodies.
D. pineal body.
E. infundibulum.
20. Numerous raised folds on the surface of each cerebral hemisphere are called
A. gyri.
B. sulci.
C. fissures.
D. lobes.
E. pineal bodies.
21. The deep groove that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres from each other is the
A. longitudinal fissure.
B. lateral sulcus.
C. lateral fissure.
D. central sulcus.
E. infundibulum.
22. The corpus callosum
A. consists of a broad band of white tracts.
B. is found at the base of the longitudinal fissure.
C. is the largest of the commissures.
D. allows sensory information to be shared between the two cerebral hemispheres.
E. has all of these characteristics.
23. The right cerebral hemisphere (in most people)
A. controls the activity of, and receives sensory input from the left side of the body.
B. contains the language centers.
C. is the analytical half of the cerebrum.
D. has a larger volume and mass than the left cerebral hemisphere
E. has all of these properties.
24. The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
A. is involved in vegetative activities, such as digestion, urination, and defecation.
B. has postganglionic cell bodies in terminal ganglia, located either near or within target organs.
C. has both preganglionic and postganglionic neurons that secrete acetylcholine.
D. has preganglionic cell bodies located in cranial and sacral areas.
E. has all of these characteristics.
25. Roger Romeo, always the confident and self-assured man-about-campus, is dismayed to find that every time
he smells the perfume his first girlfriend wore, he gets tears in his eyes and a lump in his throat What is the most
likely physiological explanation for this involuntary response?
A. The frontal lobe controls motor activity, which is inhibited by smell.
B. The substantia nigra secretes dopamine, which inhibits his corpus striatum, and causes emotional responses
(i.e., acting like a "dope").
C. The mammillary bodies in the hypothalamus produce strong reflexive physical and emotional responses to
odors and memories.
D. The temporal lobe evaluates auditory and olfactory input.
E. The comparator function of the cerebellum compares old and new smells.
26. The _________ consists of the brain and spinal cord.
A. central nervous system
B. somatic motor nervous system
C. sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
D. parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
E. afferent division of the peripheral nervous system
27. The ________ is the efferent subdivision that transmits impulses from CNS to skeletal muscle.
A. central nervous system
B. somatic motor nervous system
C. sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
D. parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
E. afferent division of the peripheral nervous system
28. The neuroglial cells that are the major supporting tissue in the CNS and forms the blood-brain barrier are
the
A. astrocytes.
B. ependymal cells.
C. microglia.
D. oligodendrocytes.
E. Schwann cell.