* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Central Nervous system - UPM EduTrain Interactive Learning
History of anthropometry wikipedia , lookup
Causes of transsexuality wikipedia , lookup
Functional magnetic resonance imaging wikipedia , lookup
Time perception wikipedia , lookup
Optogenetics wikipedia , lookup
Embodied cognitive science wikipedia , lookup
Neural engineering wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of human intelligence wikipedia , lookup
Feature detection (nervous system) wikipedia , lookup
Development of the nervous system wikipedia , lookup
Neuroesthetics wikipedia , lookup
Neurotransmitter wikipedia , lookup
Neurogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Biological neuron model wikipedia , lookup
Human multitasking wikipedia , lookup
Stimulus (physiology) wikipedia , lookup
Blood–brain barrier wikipedia , lookup
Molecular neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Donald O. Hebb wikipedia , lookup
Activity-dependent plasticity wikipedia , lookup
Human brain wikipedia , lookup
Neuroinformatics wikipedia , lookup
Artificial general intelligence wikipedia , lookup
Clinical neurochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Neuroeconomics wikipedia , lookup
Neurophilosophy wikipedia , lookup
Selfish brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Haemodynamic response wikipedia , lookup
Sports-related traumatic brain injury wikipedia , lookup
Aging brain wikipedia , lookup
Neurotechnology wikipedia , lookup
Neurolinguistics wikipedia , lookup
Brain morphometry wikipedia , lookup
Mind uploading wikipedia , lookup
Synaptic gating wikipedia , lookup
Single-unit recording wikipedia , lookup
Neuroplasticity wikipedia , lookup
Cognitive neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Brain Rules wikipedia , lookup
History of neuroimaging wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychology wikipedia , lookup
Holonomic brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Metastability in the brain wikipedia , lookup
Nervous system network models wikipedia , lookup
FEM 4100 Brain & Human Behavior Dr Tan Jo-Pei Tel: 03-89467132 E-mail: [email protected] Office hour: Tues (5-6pm) Wed (35pm) Course Description This course emphasizes on the detailed analysis of the brain and how it influences human behavior. It discusses the (1) neuron structure, (2) brain anatomy and its functions, (3) communication within the brain and across the nervous system as well as (4) brain damage and recovery. TOPICS INCLUDED FOR THE COURSE (1/2) 1. Introduction 2. The Anatomy Of The Brain 3. Impulse Conduction 4. Brain Development 5. Perception: Mechanism, Awareness & Attention TOPICS (2/2) 6. The Sensorimotor System 7. Circadian Rhythms, Sleep & Dreams 8. Language, Cognition & Intelligence 9. Memory Storage & Information 10.Processing Psychological Disorders Topics by week Unit Topic Week 1 Introduction to the Brain and Human Behaviour 1 2 Anatomy of the Brain 2 3 Impulse Conduction 3-4 4 Brain Development 5 5 Perception: Mechanism, Awareness & Attention 6-7 6 Sensorimotor System 8-9 7 Circadian Rhythms, Sleep & Dreams 10 8 Brain, Language Acquisition & Intelligence 11 9 Memory and Information Storage 12-13 10 Processing Psychological disorder: Brain Damage 14 and Rehabilitation **Course Objectives At the end of the course students can: Describe brain anatomy and its functions; Describe the development of the nervous system; Explain the relationship between the nervous system and human behavior under normal and stressful conditions. Discuss brain damage, plasticity and rehabilitation Evaluation Criteria and Procedures Test 1 (20%) Test 2 (25%) Final Exam (40%) Assignments (Student Centred Learning) (15%) Evaluation Criteria and Procedures Test 1 (week 6) Total marks: 20% Topics 1 – 2 Consists of 16 multiple choice questions and 3 short answer questions (choose 3 from 5 questions) Evaluation Criteria and Procedures Test 2 (week 10) Total marks: 25% Topics 1 – 4 Consists of 16 multiple choice questions and 3 short answer questions (choose 3 from 5 questions) Final Exam Total marks: 40% All topics Consists of 6 short answer questions (choose 6 from 8 questions) (30%) and 1 long question (choose 1 from 2 questions) (10%) Assignments (SCL) – 15% Question1: How does the brain compare to computer? Identify and describe 5 differences and similarities. Question 2: How can we optimise the brain potential? Question 3: How do we murder a neuron? Assignment Outline/Guideline For each question, you need to do the following: 1.0 Introduction (1/2 - 1 pg) Introduce your topic – what are the concepts in your question? 2.0 Content (1-2 page) Presentation and discussion of your answer 3.0 Summary (1/2 -1 pg) Summarise and draw a conclusion Bibliography REMINDER! DUE: Week 6 (28th March 2014, Friday) The assignment must be typed: •Using Times New Roman •Font size 12 •Double Spacing on A4 paper •Written according to the format of the American Psychological Association (APA) **MARKS WILL BE DEDUCTED FOR LATE ASSIGNMENT REFERENCE Texts Carlson, Neil (2007). Physiology Of Behavior With Neuroscience Animations And Student Study Guide (9th edition). Boston, MA: Pearson Education. RM110 Pinel, John (2008). Biopsychology (7th edition). Boston, MA: Pearson Education. RM99 Unit 1: Introduction to the Brain and Human Behaviour AIM: Explain the brain as a source of control and behaviour Brain and behavior are two of the most interesting subjects in science; biopsychology focuses on brain/behavior relationships. Psychology is a study of human behaviour. While, Biopsychologists study how the brain and the rest of the nervous system determine what we perceive, feel, think, say, and do. Evolution is “A gradual change in the structure and physiology of plant and animal species as a result of natural selection”. – Human tend to have a large brain and more neuron compared to any other animals. KEY QUESTIONS: What is biopsychology? What are the four main themes of biopsyhology? How Do Biopsychologists Work Together? How Biopsychologists Study the Unobservable? What is consciousness and split brains? What is the role of natural selection in the evolution of behavioral traits? Unit 2: Anatomy of the Brain AIMS: Explain the brain structure Two parts of a nervous system Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain (in the skull) Spinal Cord (in the spine) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Located outside of the skull and spine Connects the central nervous system to all other parts of the body Serves to bring information into the CNS and carry signals out of the CNS Neuron structure Neurons: These are the fundamental functional units of the nervous system; cells that are specialized for the reception, conduction, and transmission of electrochemical signals. Spinal Cord The cord of nervous tissue that extends caudally from the medulla, the base of the brain through the neck and spinal column, that transmits messages between the brain and the peripheral nervous system Protected by bone and spinal fluid. Central Nervous system Comprised of Brain and spinal cord Keys questions: What are the 5 division of the brain and what are their unique functions? What comprise of the limbic system and what is its main function? Identify the 8 parts of a neuron. What are the two subdivision in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)? Why is Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) so important human nervous system? Unit 3: Impulses conduction Aim: Describe synapse between neurons, neurotransmitters & human behaviour Describe chemical activity between neurons, Neurotransmitters & human behaviour Impulses conduction refers to sending and receiving messages. To learn how information is sent from the dendrites and soma of a neuron to its terminals, researchers study a neuron’s membrane potential (the difference in electrical charge between the inside and the outside of the neuron). Neuron There are two main types of neurotransmitters: small-molecule transmitters, synthesized in the cytoplasm and packed into vesicles by the Golgi complex; and large-molecule transmitters, synthesized in the soma by ribosomes and then moved down to the terminals by microtubules. There are three general types of neurons 1. Sensory neuron A neuron that detects changes in the external or internal environment and sends information about these changes to the central nervous system. 2. Motor neuron A neuron located within the central nervous system that controls the contraction of a muscle or the secretion of a gland. 3. Interneuron A neuron located entirely within the central nervous system. Interneurons carry information between neurons in the brain and between neurons in the spinal cord Neurotransmitter Chemical messengers that relay neural messages across the synapse A chemical that is released into the synaptic cleft from a terminal button (axon) of a sending neuron, crosses a synapse, and binds to appropriate receptor sites on the dendrites or cell body of a receiving neuron, influencing the cell either to fire or not to fire; FIGURE 4.8 The anatomy of the typical synapse. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Key Questions: What is the function of membrane potential? What are the Four Factors Determine the Ionic Distribution that Underlies the Resting Potential? How do you classify neurons? What are the basic structure of a neuron? What is the relationship between neurotransmitter and receptors? What types and how drugs influence synaptic activity? How does the communication within a neuron works? Unit 4: Brain Development Aim: Understand the development of the nervous system (from fertilised egg to you) Prefrontal cortex plays a role in working memory, planning and carrying out sequences of actions, and inhibiting inappropriate responses Principles of sensory system organisation Brain development before and after birth Unit 4: Brain Development Stimulus and brain development Synaptogenesis: Formation of new synapses - Neurons that are stimulated by input from the surrounding environment continue to establish new synapses. Depends on the presence of glial cells – especially astrocytes High levels of cholesterol are needed – supplied by astrocytes Chemical signal exchange between pre and postsynaptic neurons is needed A variety of signals act on developing neurons Neurons seldom stimulated soon lose their synapses, a process called synaptic pruning. Unit 4: Brain Development Effects of experience on brain development Neurons and synapses that are not activated by experience usually do not survive – use it or lose it. When a baby is born he has billions of brain cells, and that many of these brain cells are not connected. "They only get connected through experience, says Carson, "so when you talk to your baby, cuddle it, and handle it, these experiences will start to make connections. If they have a variety of experiences and positive ones, then they have many more options as they grown older." Unfortunately, lack of proper stimulation has the opposite effect says Carson. "If they have negative experiences, if they are abused or neglected or left in front of a TV and get no stimulation, then their brains can actually be smaller then other children their own age." Relate early experience to how nature and nurture interact to modify the early development, maintenance, and reorganization of neural circuits discussed previously Key Questions: How are neurons being stimulated? What are glials cells and its function? What are the Effects of Experience on Topographic Sensory Cortex Maps? What are the Mechanisms by Which Experience Might Influence Neurodevelopment? What is neuroplasticity in relations to brain development? What is Austism and Down Syndrome? Thank you